SENSIBILIDADE DE PATÓGENOS CAUSADORES DE MASTITE A DROGAS ANTIMICROBIANAS – ESTUDO COM LEITE PRODUZIDO NA REGIÃO CENTRO-OESTE PAULISTA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2026.v33.1748Palavras-chave:
antibiótico, bactéria, mastite bovinaResumo
Objetivou-se isolar bactérias causadoras de mastite bovina em amostras de leite provenientes de propriedades rurais do Centro-Oeste Paulista e avaliar sua resistência frente aos antimicrobianos utilizados no tratamento. Amostras de leite de 80 vacas com mastite clínica ou subclínica foram analisadas por técnicas microbiológicas, morfo-tintoriais e bioquímicas. A espécie foi determinada por espectrometria de massa. Os microrganismos identificados foram submetidos ao teste de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos com discos contendo Gentamicina (10 μg), Amoxicilina + Clavulanato (20 μg + 10 μg), Tetraciclina (30 μg) e Oxacilina (1 μg). As bactérias Gram-positivas foram isoladas em 87,5% das amostras, com prevalência de Staphylococcus aureus (54,3%) e 21,2% das amostras apresentaram bactérias Gram-negativas, com o predomínio de Escherichia coli (18,6%). A resistência para oxacilina ocorreu em 48,6% das Gram-positivas e em 100% das Gram-negativas isoladas e, para tetraciclinas, a resistência foi de 12,8% e 29,4%, respectivamente. Dentre Gram-positivas, 11,4% apresentaram resistência para gentamicina e amoxacilina e clavulanato. As Gram-negativas apresentaram 5,9% de resistência para amoxacilina e clavulanato e nenhuma resistência frente à gentamicina. Conclui-se que as bactérias Gram-positivas eram os principais agentes de mastite contagiosa e que a maioria dos agentes isolados apresentava alta resistência à oxacilina e alta sensibilidade à amoxicilina com clavulanato.
Referências
1. Barcelos MM, Martins L, Grenfell RC, Juliano L, Anderson KL, dos Santos MV, et al. Comparison of standard and on-plate extraction protocols for identification of mastitis-causing bacteria by MALDI-TOF MS. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology [Internet]. 2019 Jun 29 [cited 2022 Nov 16];50(3):849–57. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6863300/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42770-019-00110-5
2. Bochniarz M, Adaszek Ł, Dzięgiel B, Nowaczek A, Wawron W, Dąbrowski R, et al. Factors responsible for subclinical mastitis in cows caused by Staphylococcus chromogenes and its susceptibility to antibiotics based on bap, fnbA, eno, mecA, tetK, and ermA genes. Journal of Dairy Science [Internet]. 2016 Dec 1 [cited 2023 Dec 11];99(12):9514–20. Available from: https://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302(16)30662-2/fulltext DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-11723
3. Bonsaglia ECR, Silva NCC, Rossi BF, Camargo CH, Dantas STA, Langoni H, et al. Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolated from milk of cows with subclinical mastitis. Microbial Pathogenesis. 2018 Nov;124:130–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.031
4. Cesur S, Demiroz AP. Antibiotics and The Mechanisms of Resistance to Antibiotics. Medical Journal of Islamic World Academy of Sciences [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2025 Nov 6];21(4):138–42. Available from: https://medicaljournal-ias.org/jvi.aspx?pdir=ias&plng=eng&un=IAS-42714 DOI: https://doi.org/10.12816/0002645
5. Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Zadernowska A, García-Solache M. Ready-to-eat dairy products as a source of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus strains: Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. Journal of Dairy Science [Internet]. 2020 May 1 [cited 2023 Apr 8];103(5):4068–77. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203022030206X DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17395
6. Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Zadernowska A, Nalepa B, Sierpińska M, Łaniewska-Trokenheim Ł. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from ready-to-eat food of animal origin – Phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance. Food Microbiology. 2015 Apr;46:222–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2014.08.001
7. Cheng J, Qu W, Barkema, HW, Nobrega DB, Gao J, Liu G, De Buck J, Kastelic JP, Sun H, Han B. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of 5 common bovine mastitis pathogens in large Chinese dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science [Internet]. 2019 Mar 1 [cited 2021 Jan 17];102(3):2416–26. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203021930030X DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15135
8. Cobirka M, Tancin V, Slama P. Epidemiology and Classification of Mastitis. Animals. 2020 Nov 26;10(12):2212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122212
9. Dahms C, Hübner NO, Kossow A, Mellmann A, Dittmann K, Kramer A. Occurrence of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli in Livestock and Farm Workers in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. Lierz M, editor. PLOS ONE. 2015 Nov 25;10(11):e0143326. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143326
10. Dalanez I, FM., et al. Influence of pathogens causing clinical mastitis on reproductive variables of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, Champaign, v. 103, n. 4, p. 3648-3655, abr. 2020. Available from: < https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32089296/>. Accessed: Jan. 18, 2023. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16841.
11. Dalanezi FM, Joaquim SF, Guimarães FF, Guerra ST, Lopes BC, Schmidt EMS, et al. Influence of pathogens causing clinical mastitis on reproductive variables of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science [Internet]. 2020 Apr 1;103(4):3648–55. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030220301144#bib32 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-16841
12. Drobeniuc A, Traenkner J, Rebolledo PA, Ghazaryan V, Rouphael N. Staphylococcus simulans: A rare uropathogen. IDCases [Internet]. 2021 Jun 17;25:e01202. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8225963/ DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01202
13. Eltwisy HO, Twisy HO, Hafez MH, Sayed IM, El-Mokhtar MA. Clinical Infections, Antibiotic Resistance, and Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Microorganisms. 2022 May 31;10(6):1130. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061130
14. Goncalves JL, Young J, Renata, Fidelis CE, Trevisoli PA, Coutinho LL, et al. The Impact of Selective Dry Cow Therapy Adopted in a Brazilian Farm on Bacterial Diversity and the Abundance of Quarter Milk. Veterinary Sciences. 2022 Oct 8;9(10):550–0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100550
15. Gonçalves MS, Dorneles EMS, Heinemann MB, Brito MAVP e, Guimarães A de S. Genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Ciência Rural. 2023;53(3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20210643
16. De Jong A, Garch FE, Simjee S, Moyaert H, Rose M, Youala M, et al. Monitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility of udder pathogens recovered from cases of clinical mastitis in dairy cows across Europe: VetPath results. Veterinary Microbiology. 2018 Jan;213:73–81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.11.021
17. Keefe G. Update on Control of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae for Management of Mastitis. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 2012 Jul;28(2):203–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2012.03.010
18. Kim HJ, Youn HY, Hye Jeong Kang, Moon JS, Jang YS, Song K, et al. Prevalence and Virulence Characteristics of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in Bovine Mastitis Milk Compared to Bovine Normal Raw Milk in South Korea. Animals [Internet]. 2022 May 30 [cited 2024 Jan 13];12(11):1407–7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9179290/#B3-animals-12-01407 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12111407
19. Krishnamoorthy P, Suresh KP, Jayamma KS, Shome BR, Patil SS, Amachawadi RG. An Understanding of the Global Status of Major Bacterial Pathogens of Milk Concerning Bovine Mastitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Scientometrics). Pathogens. 2021 Apr 30;10(5):545 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10050545
20. Kumari T, Champak Bhakat, Choudhary RK. A Review on Sub Clinical Mastitis in Dairy Cattle [Internet]. 2018. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334963941_A_Review_on_Sub_Clinical_Mastitis_in_Dairy_Cattle
21. Laborclin. Kit Enterobactérias. Laborclin produtos para laboratórios LTDA, Pinhais, PR, rev. 10, abr, 2022.
22. Langoni H, Guimarães FF, Costa EO da, Joaquim SF, Menozzi BD. Celularidade do leite e Unidades Formadoras de Colônias nas mastites causadas por Staphylococcus coagulase positiva e coagulase negativa. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 2015 Jun;35(6):518–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2015000600005
23. Langoni H, Salina A, Oliveira GC, Junqueira NB, Menozzi BD, Joaquim SF. Considerações sobre o tratamento das mastites. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira [Internet]. 2017 Nov;37(11):1261–9. Available from: https://www.scielo.br/pdf/pvb/v37n11/1678-5150-pvb-37-11-01261.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017001100011
24. Loures RA, De U, Dos G, Mian GF, da A, Rosa J, et al. Genetic diversity and virulence genes in Streptococcus uberis strains isolated from bovine mastitis. Semina Ciências Agrárias. 2017 Aug 25;38(4Supl1):2595–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4SUPLp2595
25. Martin IM, Kabuki DY, Teruko N, Pereira, JL. Occurrence and Characterization of Enterotoxigenic Potential of Staphylococcus Isolated from Dairy Products. Journal of Food Safety. 2014 May 20;34(3):185–92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfs.12112
26. Monistero V, Barberio A, Filippo Biscarini, Cremonesi P, Castiglioni B, Graber HC, et al. Different distribution of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence profiles of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical mastitis in six countries. Journal of Dairy Science. 2020 Jan 31;103(4):3431–46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2019-17141
27. Monistero V, Barberio A, Cremonesi P, Castiglioni B, Morandi S, Lassen DCK, et al. Genotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling of Streptococcus uberis Isolated from a Clinical Bovine Mastitis Outbreak in a Dairy Farm. Antibiotics. 2021 May 28;10(6):644. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060644
28. Nobrega DB, Calarga AP, Nascimento LC, Chande Vasconcelos CG, de Lima EM, Langoni H, et al. Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Brazilian dairy herds. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021 Jun;104(6):7210–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-19569
29. Oliveira R, Pinho E, Almeida G, Azevedo NF, Almeida C. Prevalence and Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in Raw Milk From Northern Portugal. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2022 Mar 22;13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.846653
30. Oliver SP, Murinda SE. Antimicrobial resistance of mastitis pathogens. The Veterinary clinics of North America Food animal practice [Internet]. 2012;28(2):165–85. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22664201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2012.03.005
31. Perrig MS, Ambroggio MB, Buzzola FR, Marcipar IS, Calvinho LF, Veaute CM, et al. Genotyping and study of the pauA and sua genes of Streptococcus uberis isolates from bovine mastitis. Revista Argentina de microbiologia [Internet]. 2015;47(4):282–94. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26507633/. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ram.2015.06.007
32. Pinto CAP, Costa NS, Silva A, Correa, ABA, Fernandes FG, et al. Distribution of serotypes and evaluation of antimicrobial susceptibility among human and bovine Streptococcus agalactiae strains isolated in Brazil between 1980 and 2006. The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2013 Mar 1;17(2):131–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2012.09.006
33. Quinn PJ, Carter ME, Markey BK, Carter GR. Clinical veterinary microbiology. London: Wolfe/Mosby; 1993. 684 p.
34. Rall VLM, Miranda ES, Castilho IG, Camargo CH, Langoni H, Guimarães FF, et al. Diversity of Staphylococcus species and prevalence of enterotoxin genes isolated from milk of healthy cows and cows with subclinical mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science. 2014 Feb;97(2):829–37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2013-7226
35. Reinoso EB. Bovine Mastitis Caused By Streptococcus uberis: Virulence Factors and Biofilm. Journal of Microbial & Biochemical Technology. 2017;9(5). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/1948-5948.1000371
36. Reyes J, Chaffer M, Sanchez J, Torres G, Macias D, Jaramillo M, et al. Evaluation of the efficacy of intramuscular versus intramammary treatment of subclinical Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis in dairy cows in Colombia. Journal of Dairy Science. 2015 Aug;98(8):5294–303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-9199
37. Ribeiro EA, Tomich GM, Costa B de A, Oliveira RA de, Jesus LKB de, Ribeiro EA, et al. Streptococcus agalactiae: colonização de gestantes de alto risco em um hospital regional da Amazônia brasileira e perfil de sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos. Revista Pan-Amazônica de Saúde [Internet]. 2021;12. Available from: http://scielo.iec.gov.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2176-62232021000100013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5123/S2176-6223202100542
38. Robles BF, Nóbrega DB, Guimarães FF, Wanderley GG, Langoni H. Beta-lactamase detection in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolated from bovine mastitis. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 2014 Apr;34(4):325–8.. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2014000400004
39. Rocha DT, Carvalho GR, Resende JC. Cadeia produtiva do leite no Brasil: produção primária. Juiz de Fora: Embrapa Gado de Leite; 2020 Aug. 15 p. (Circular Técnica, 123). Available from: https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/bitstream/doc/1124858/1/CT-123.pdf. Accessed 2023 Aug 1.
40. Rosario AILS, Castro VS, Santos LF, Lisboa RC, Vallim DC, Silva MCA, et al. Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli isolated from pasteurized dairy products from Bahia, Brazil. Journal of Dairy Science [Internet]. 2021 Jun 1;104(6):6535–47. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002203022100429X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-19511
41. Różańska H, Lewtak-Piłat A, Kubajka M, Weiner M. Occurrence of enterococci in mastitic cow’s milk and their antimicrobial resistance. Journal of Veterinary Research [Internet]. 2019 Mar 1;63(1):93–7. Available from: https://content.sciendo.com/view/journals/jvetres/63/1/article-p93.xml. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2019-0014
42. Ruegg PL. Making Antibiotic Treatment Decisions for Clinical Mastitis. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 2018 Nov;34(3):413–25.. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2018.06.002
43. Santos EMP dos, Brito MAVP, Lange C, Brito JRF, Cerqueira MMOP. Streptococcus e gêneros relacionados como agentes etiológicos de mastite bovina. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 2018 Mar 30;35(1):17.. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.15805
44. Santos MV, Fonseca LFL. Controle da mastite e qualidade do leite: desafios e soluções. Pirassununga: Edição dos Autores; 2019. 301 p.
45. Santos MV, Fonseca LFL. Principais agentes causadores da mastite. In: Santos MV, Fonseca LFL, editors. Estratégia para controle de mastite e melhoria da qualidade do leite. Barueri: Manole; 2007. p. 24–37.
46. Silva N, et al. Manual de métodos de análise microbiológica de alimentos e água. 6th ed. São Paulo: Blucher; 2017. 602 p.
47. Soumya KR, Philip S, Sugathan S, Mathew J, Radhakrishnan EK. Virulence factors associated with Coagulase Negative Staphylococci isolated from human infections. 3 Biotech. 2017 Jun;7(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0753-2
48. Stempler A, Muñoz AJ, Lucas MF. Streptococcus uberis y su importancia como agente causal de la mastitis bovina. Revista Veterinaria. 2022 Dec 26;33(2):192–201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30972/vet.3326181
49. Sharinne Sukhnanand, Dogan B, Ayodele MO, Zadoks RN, Patricia M, Dumas NB, et al. Molecular Subtyping and Characterization of Bovine and Human Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2005 Mar 1;43(3):1177–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.3.1177-1186.2005
50. Thomas L, Cook L. Two-Component Signal Transduction Systems in the Human Pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae. Richardson AR, editor. Infection and Immunity. 2020 Jun 22;88(7). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00931-19
51. Tomazi T, Coura FM, Gonçalves JL, Heinemann MB, Santos MV. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups isolated from bovine clinical mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science. 2018 Oct;101(10):9406–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14485
52. Tomazi T, dos Santos MV. Antimicrobial use for treatment of clinical mastitis in dairy herds from Brazil and its association with herd-level descriptors. Preventive Veterinary Medicine [Internet]. 2020 Feb 20;176:104937. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167587719302594. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104937
53. Watts JL, et al. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals: approved standard. 3rd ed. Wayne: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI); 2008. 99 p.
54. Zadoks RN, Middleton JR, McDougall S, Katholm J, Schukken YH. Molecular Epidemiology of Mastitis Pathogens of Dairy Cattle and Comparative Relevance to Humans. Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia. 2011 Oct 4;16(4):357–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10911-011-9236-y
55. Davis GS, Price LB. Recent Research Examining Links Among Klebsiella pneumoniae from Food, Food Animals, and Human Extraintestinal Infections. Current Environmental Health Reports. 2016 Mar 29;3(2):128–35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40572-016-0089-9
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 Beatriz Pinheiro Amato, Tatiane Andrea Lionete, Thiago Luís Magnani Grassi, Elisa Helena Giglio Ponsano

Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Este obra está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional.








