Estudio sobre las diferentes técnicas de sexaje de espermatozoides
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2018.v25.25Palabras clave:
bovinos, citometria de flujo, gradientes de densidad, inmuno-sexage, semen sexadoResumen
El interés en la selección de individuos de un determinado sexo data de la antigua Grecia; sin embargo, estudios sobre métodos eficaces para la selección espermática son relativamente nuevos. Saber cuál será el sexo de la futura progenie trae al mercado un gran potencial para el mejoramiento genético. Esta selección del sexo es realizada con diversos enfoques; en bovinos para la optimización de animales de sexo deseado, en humanos evitando enfermedades ligadas al sexo y en animales salvajes en cautiverio en la selección del sexo. Con el adviento de las tecnologías como la inseminación artificial y la transferencia de embriones, el sexaje comenzó a tener relevancia en el escenario actual y el costo beneficio pasó a ser significativo. Varias técnicas han sido desarrolladas con el objetivo de mejorarla la pre-selección del sexo, la inmunoseparación, gradientes de densidad y citometria de flujo son algunas de ellas, sin embargo, en la actualidad, la citometria de flujo es la técnica con mejores resultados y la única que permite comercialización de semen sexado. No obstante, el proceso de sexaje aun demanda muchos estudios, debido a los daños ocasionados a los espermatozoides durante el proceso de separación, comprometiendo las tasas de la fertilidad. Esta revisión de literatura viene como una herramienta para el entendimiento del proceso de sexaje y las técnicas utilizadas.
Citas
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3. Pace MM. Implications of Sexed Semen on the Beef Industry. In: Proceedings of 39th Annual Florida Beef Cattle Short Course; 1990; Gainesville, FL. Gainesville: University of Florida; 1990. p.238.
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14. De Vries A, Overton M, Fetrow J, Leslie K, Eicker S, Rogers G. Exploring the impact of sexed semen on the structure of the dairy industry. J Dairy Sci. 2008;91:847-56.
15. Tucker K, Jansen CAM. Sperm separation techniques: comparison and evaluation of gradient products. In: Proceedings of 2nd International Workshop for Embryologists: Troubleshooting Activities in the ART lab; 2002.
16. Hollinshead FK, Gillan L, O’Brien JK, Evans G, Maxwel LWM. In vitro and in vivo assessment of functional capacity of flow cytometrically sorted ram spermatozoa after freezing and thawing. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2003;15:351-9.
17. Seidel Jr GE. Economics of selecting for sex: the most important genetic trait. Theriogenology. 2003;59:585-98.
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20. Lima VFMH, Moreira Filho CA, Lucio AC, Resende MV. Sexagem de espermatozoides bovinos por centrifugação em gradiente descontínuo de densidade de Percoll. Rev Bras Zootec. 2011;40:1680-5.
21. Esmaeilpour T, Elyasi L, Bahmanpour S, Ghannadi A, Monabbati A, Dehghani F, et al. Effect of combined density gradient centrifugation on X- and Y- sperm separation and chromatin integrity. Iran J Reprod Med. 2012;10:435-40.
22. Kanesharatnam N, Eswaramohan T, Balasubramaniam K. A Preliminary study for sperm sexing by using sucrose density gradients in jersey bull at artificial insemination centre at thirunelvely (northern province of Sri Lanka). In: Proceedings of International Conference on Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics; 2012; Singapura. Singapura: ICBBB; 2012. p.37-40.
23. Lima VFMH, Moreira Filho CA, Ramalho MFPDT. Processo de seleção do sexo de espermatozoides mamíferos e métodos de controle de qualidade de doses de sêmen sexado congelado. BR PI 0300604-2. 17 Jun 2003.
24. Lima VFMH. Espermatozoide sexado bovino: quando utilizá-lo? Acta Sci Vet. 2006;34:213-24.
25. Pinkel D, Garner ADL, Gledhill BL, Lake S, Stephenson D, Johnson LA. Flow cytometric determination of the proportions of x- and y-chromosome-bearing sperm in samples of purportedly separated bull sperm. J Anim Sci. 1985;60:1303-7.
26. Johnson LA, Welch GR. Sex preselection: high-speed flow cytometric sorting of x and y sperm for maximum efficiency. Theriogenology. 1999;52:1323-41.
27. Johnson LA, Pinkel, D. Modification of a laser-based flow cytometer for high-resolution DNA analysis of mammalian spermatozoa. Cytometry. 1986;7:268-73.
28. Garner DL. Flow cytometric sexing of mammalian sperm. Theriogenology. 2006;65:943- 57.
29. Seidel Jr GE. Overview of sexing sperm. Theriogenology. 2007;68:443-6.
30. Bondan JA. Sêmen sexado, finalmente é uma realidade? [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2012 Apr 10]. Available from: http://www.semeia.com.br/site/artigo.phpD=60&IDC=1&PHPSESSID=8b33be216ebb66096488ec39a6ba5014.
31. Hendriksen PJM. Do X and Y spermatozoa differ in proteins? Theriogenology. 1999;52:1295-308.
32. Van Tilburg MF, Machado OLT, Silva JFS, Matta CGF, Fagundes B, Matta MFR. Identificação de antígeno macho-específico de ovino. Rev Port Cienc Vet. 2006;101:231-3.
33. Kupradit C, Ketudat Cairns M. The extraction and purification of boar sperm surface protein. J Sci Technol. 2009;16:245-351.
34. Chen X, Zhu H, Wu C, Han W, Hao H, Zhao X, et al. Identification of differentially expressed proteins between bull X and Y spermatozoa. J Proteomics. 2012;77:59-67.
35. Bradley MP, Forrester IT, Heslop BF. Identification of a male-specific (H-Y) antigen on the flagellar plasma membrane of ram epididymal spermatozoa. Hum Genet. 1987;75:362-7.
36. Mohammadi AA, Tetro JA, Filion LG. Epitope selection to male specific antigens for sex selection in swine. J Reprod Immunol. 2011;89:46-54.
37. Blecher SR, Howie SL, Detmar J, Blahut LM. A new approach to immunological sexing of sperm. Theriogenology. 1999;52:1309-21.38. Blecher SR. Method for separating sex specific molecules and non-sex specific molecules. United States patent US 5,840,504. 1998 Nov 24.
2. Lima VFMH. Avanços metodológicos na seleção do sexo de espermatozoides bovinos para utilização no melhoramento genético e na produção animal. Rev Bras Zootec. 2007;36:219-28.
3. Pace MM. Implications of Sexed Semen on the Beef Industry. In: Proceedings of 39th Annual Florida Beef Cattle Short Course; 1990; Gainesville, FL. Gainesville: University of Florida; 1990. p.238.
4. Sharpe JC, Evans KM. Advances in flow cytometry for sperm sexing. Theriogenology. 2009;71:4-10.
5. Sumner AT, Robinson JA. A difference in dry mass between the heads of X- and Ybearing human spermatozoa. J Reprod Fertil. 1976;48:9-15.
6. Garner DL, Seidel Jr GE. History of commercializing sexed semen for cattle. Theriogenology. 2008;69:886-95.
7. Eichwald EJ, Silmser CR. Untitled communication. Transplant Bull. 1955;2:148-9.
8. Rezende VM. Sexagem de espermatozoides bovinos por centrifugação em gradiente de densidade contínuo de percoll e optiprep [dissertação]. São Paulo: Universidade Estadual Paulista; 2007.
9. Maxwell WMC, Evans G, Hollinshead FK, Bathgate RDE, Graaf SP, Eriksson BM, et al. Integration of sperm sexing technology into the ART toolbox. Anim Reprod Sci. 2004;82:79-95. 10. Parati K, Bongioni G, Aleandri R, Galli A. Sex ratio determination in bovine semen: a new approach by quantitative real time PCR. Theriogenology. 2006;66:2202-9.
11. Seidel Jr GE, Garner DL. Current status of sexing mammalian spermatozoa. J Reprod Fertil. 2002;124:733-43.
12. Medalha AG. Sêmen sexado [monografia]. Campo Grande: Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul; 2008.
13. De Jarnette M. Sêmen sexado: uma realidade. 2012 [cited 2012 Jun 24]. Available from: http://www.semeia.com.br/site/artigo.php?ID=94&IDC=3&PHPSESSID=7779520d1346 c3e53f0e3cb2030804a8.
14. De Vries A, Overton M, Fetrow J, Leslie K, Eicker S, Rogers G. Exploring the impact of sexed semen on the structure of the dairy industry. J Dairy Sci. 2008;91:847-56.
15. Tucker K, Jansen CAM. Sperm separation techniques: comparison and evaluation of gradient products. In: Proceedings of 2nd International Workshop for Embryologists: Troubleshooting Activities in the ART lab; 2002.
16. Hollinshead FK, Gillan L, O’Brien JK, Evans G, Maxwel LWM. In vitro and in vivo assessment of functional capacity of flow cytometrically sorted ram spermatozoa after freezing and thawing. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2003;15:351-9.
17. Seidel Jr GE. Economics of selecting for sex: the most important genetic trait. Theriogenology. 2003;59:585-98.
18. Fetrow J, Overton M, Eicker S. Sexed Semen: economics of a new technology. In: Western Dairy Management Conference; 2007; Reno. Reno: Western Dairy Management Conference; 2007. p.1-24.
19. Carvalho JO, Sartori R, Lemes AP, Mourão GB, Dode MAN. Cinética de espermatozoides criopreservados de bovinos após sexagem por citometria de fluxo. Pesqui Agropecu Bras. 2009;44:1346-51.
20. Lima VFMH, Moreira Filho CA, Lucio AC, Resende MV. Sexagem de espermatozoides bovinos por centrifugação em gradiente descontínuo de densidade de Percoll. Rev Bras Zootec. 2011;40:1680-5.
21. Esmaeilpour T, Elyasi L, Bahmanpour S, Ghannadi A, Monabbati A, Dehghani F, et al. Effect of combined density gradient centrifugation on X- and Y- sperm separation and chromatin integrity. Iran J Reprod Med. 2012;10:435-40.
22. Kanesharatnam N, Eswaramohan T, Balasubramaniam K. A Preliminary study for sperm sexing by using sucrose density gradients in jersey bull at artificial insemination centre at thirunelvely (northern province of Sri Lanka). In: Proceedings of International Conference on Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics; 2012; Singapura. Singapura: ICBBB; 2012. p.37-40.
23. Lima VFMH, Moreira Filho CA, Ramalho MFPDT. Processo de seleção do sexo de espermatozoides mamíferos e métodos de controle de qualidade de doses de sêmen sexado congelado. BR PI 0300604-2. 17 Jun 2003.
24. Lima VFMH. Espermatozoide sexado bovino: quando utilizá-lo? Acta Sci Vet. 2006;34:213-24.
25. Pinkel D, Garner ADL, Gledhill BL, Lake S, Stephenson D, Johnson LA. Flow cytometric determination of the proportions of x- and y-chromosome-bearing sperm in samples of purportedly separated bull sperm. J Anim Sci. 1985;60:1303-7.
26. Johnson LA, Welch GR. Sex preselection: high-speed flow cytometric sorting of x and y sperm for maximum efficiency. Theriogenology. 1999;52:1323-41.
27. Johnson LA, Pinkel, D. Modification of a laser-based flow cytometer for high-resolution DNA analysis of mammalian spermatozoa. Cytometry. 1986;7:268-73.
28. Garner DL. Flow cytometric sexing of mammalian sperm. Theriogenology. 2006;65:943- 57.
29. Seidel Jr GE. Overview of sexing sperm. Theriogenology. 2007;68:443-6.
30. Bondan JA. Sêmen sexado, finalmente é uma realidade? [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2012 Apr 10]. Available from: http://www.semeia.com.br/site/artigo.phpD=60&IDC=1&PHPSESSID=8b33be216ebb66096488ec39a6ba5014.
31. Hendriksen PJM. Do X and Y spermatozoa differ in proteins? Theriogenology. 1999;52:1295-308.
32. Van Tilburg MF, Machado OLT, Silva JFS, Matta CGF, Fagundes B, Matta MFR. Identificação de antígeno macho-específico de ovino. Rev Port Cienc Vet. 2006;101:231-3.
33. Kupradit C, Ketudat Cairns M. The extraction and purification of boar sperm surface protein. J Sci Technol. 2009;16:245-351.
34. Chen X, Zhu H, Wu C, Han W, Hao H, Zhao X, et al. Identification of differentially expressed proteins between bull X and Y spermatozoa. J Proteomics. 2012;77:59-67.
35. Bradley MP, Forrester IT, Heslop BF. Identification of a male-specific (H-Y) antigen on the flagellar plasma membrane of ram epididymal spermatozoa. Hum Genet. 1987;75:362-7.
36. Mohammadi AA, Tetro JA, Filion LG. Epitope selection to male specific antigens for sex selection in swine. J Reprod Immunol. 2011;89:46-54.
37. Blecher SR, Howie SL, Detmar J, Blahut LM. A new approach to immunological sexing of sperm. Theriogenology. 1999;52:1309-21.38. Blecher SR. Method for separating sex specific molecules and non-sex specific molecules. United States patent US 5,840,504. 1998 Nov 24.
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2018-12-04
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Scott C, Souza FF, Mothé GB, Aristizabal VHV, Junior JAD. Estudio sobre las diferentes técnicas de sexaje de espermatozoides. RVZ [Internet]. 4 de diciembre de 2018 [citado 3 de julio de 2024];25(1):21-9. Disponible en: https://rvz.emnuvens.com.br/rvz/article/view/25
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Este obra está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
