AÇÃO DAS ESPÉCIES REATIVAS DE OXIGÊNIO NOS ESPERMATOZOIDES
Palavras-chave:
células espermáticas,, radicais livres, estresse oxidativoResumo
Para que os espermatozoides possam executar suas funções e alcançarem o objetivo final, que é a fecundação, necessitam de energia que advém da adenosina trifosfato (ATP). Durante o metabolismo a energia é armazenada na forma de elétrons de alta energia que são direcionados a cadeia de transporte de elétrons, composta de cinco proteínas supramoleculares. Neste processo, há a formação de um radical intermediário, o ânion semiquinona (Qˉ) que eventualmente é capaz de transferir este elétron desemparelhado ao O2 e formar as espécies reativas de oxigênio, sendo as principais o superóxido, o peróxido de hidrogênio e o radical hidroxila. Essas moléculas são altamente reativas e nos espermatozoides desencadeiam processos que levam a degradação e decréscimo na qualidade celular. Porem essas mesmas moléculas que muitas vezes são consideradas grandes vilãs, também participam de mecanismos que culminam na fertilização e formação do zigoto, adquirindo assim uma grande importância. Com o advento da criopreservação de sêmen e o estresse oxidativo associado ao processamento, as espécies reativas de oxigênio entraram em evidência nas pesquisas, tornando-se necessário o estudo de sua ação e maneiras de reduzir o estresse oxidativo.
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