Placenta Artificial: um método alternativo no suporte de vida de neonatos prematuros na medicina veterinária
Palavras-chave:
suporte de vida extracorpóreo, assistência pulmonar, neonatologia, animaisResumo
O modelo de placenta artificial tem como finalidade recriar o ambiente intrauterino, mantendo a circulação fetal e realizando as trocas gasosas e, ao mesmo tempo, permitir a maturação pulmonar. A placenta artificial apresenta-se como uma estratégia de suporte extracorpórea para neonatos prematuros cujos pulmões ainda não estejam completamente desenvolvidos. Este sistema é composto basicamente por uma bomba centrífuga, um oxigenador de membrana e cânulas inseridas nos vasos fetais para renovação do sangue. As tentativas de desenvolver uma placenta artificial foram abandonadas em meados da década de 80, mas com os avanços tecnológicos, em especial com o surgimento dos oxigenadores de membrana de fibra oca e os oxigenadores não microporosos compostos de biomateriais, deixaram os pesquisadores esperançosos no desenvolvimento do modelo ideal de placenta artificial. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão dos fatos históricos e discute os avanços e perspectivas da utilização de modelos de placenta artificial na medicina veterinária.
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