Pythium insidiosum E PITIOSE
UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2023.v30.1535Palavras-chave:
oomiceto, zoósporos, swamp cancer, kunker.Resumo
Pythium insidiosum é o agente etiológico da pitiose, sendo ele um microrganismo da classe dos oomicetos, patogênico e causador da pitiose em várias espécies animais, incluindo humanos. A doença é caracterizada por lesões no tecido cutâneo/subcutâneo, lesões gastrointestinais, vasculares, oculares, podendo se disseminar para órgãos internos. A forma cutânea gera granulomas exsudativos, sendo comum a formação de “kunkers”, um material necrótico de coloração amarelada, apenas nos equídeos. O diagnóstico é feito através dos sinais clínicos e histórico do paciente, cultura e identificação do agente e alguns testes como os sorológicos (imunodifusão, ELISA, Western blot, hemaglutinação e teste imunocromatográfico), histopatológico, imunohistoquímica, testes moleculares e recentemente, análises proteômicas, como o MALDI –TOF. O tratamento baseia-se na exérese cirúrgica da lesão com margens livre do patógeno, sendo apenas possível em regiões sem comprometimento de importantes estruturas anatômicas; uso de medicamentos como Anfotericina B e Iodeto de Potássio e a imunoterapia como forma de modular a resposta imune do hospedeiro. Não existe fator predisponente para a aquisição da doença, sendo o principal risco a permanência em águas estagnadas com presença de material vegetal. Dessa forma, a principal forma de infecção é evitar, quando possível, a manutenção por longos períodos de animais no interior de lagoas, rios/riachos ou açudes, bem como utilizar equipamentos de proteção individual em humanos quando necessitarem adentrar em tais ambientes.
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