Approach on risk factors of bovine trypanosomosis due to Trypanosoma vivax in the Bolivian and Brazilian pantanals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2006.v13.261Keywords:
Bovine trypanosomosis, Trypanosoma vivax, risk factors, Bolivia, BrazilAbstract
Trypanosoma vivax caused between 1995 and 1997 a devastating disease in Bolivian and
Brazilian Pantanals. These regions are very important beef cattle breeding in Brazil and
Bolivia. The principal clinical signs of bovine trypanosomosis in livestock were anemia,
severe leucopenia, and abortion. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the risk
factors of the natural bovine trypanosomosis in the Bolivian and Brazilian Pantanals. We
concluded that the principal risk factors related to T. vivax transmission in the Bolivian and
Brazilian Pantanals were the transportation by foot, because the conditions for acquisition or
transmission of T. vivax were greatest at the numerous resting places along the route, the use
of contaminated needles during vaccinations, and transmission by tabanids during the rainy
season. The fauna contamination should be also considered.
References
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COLLISCHONN, W.; TUCCI, C. E. M.; CLARKE, R. T. Further evidence of changes in the
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v.71, p.121-135, 1997.
ILEMOBADE, A. A.; ADEGBOYE, D. S.; ONOVIRAM, O.; CHIMA, J. C.
Immunodepressive effects of trypanosomal infection in cattle immunized against contagious
bovine pleuropneumonia. Parasite Immunology, v.4, p.273-282, 1982.
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benianos se declaram en emergencia. 27 de agosto, p3. , 1997.
RAYMOND, H. L. Tabanus importunus, vecteur mécanique experimental de Trypanosoma
vivax en Guyane française. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, v.65, p.44-46,
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SEIDL, A.; MORAES, A. S.; SILVA, R.A.M.S. A financial analysis of treatment strategies
for Trypanosoma evansi in the Brazilian Pantanal. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, v.33,
p.219-234, 1998.
SEIDL A.; SILVA, DOS S.V. DA, J.; MORAES, A. S. Cattle ranching and deflorestation in
the Brazilian Pantanal. Ecological Economics, v.36: 413-425, 2001.
SHAW, J. J; LAINSON, R. Trypanosoma vivax in Brazil. Annals of Tropical Medicine and
Parasitology, v.66, p.25-32, 1972.
SILVA, R. A. M. S.; BARROS, A. T. M.; HERRERA, H. M. Trypanosomosis outbreaks due
to Trypanosoma evansi in the Pantanal, Brazil. Revue d'Elevage et de Médecine
Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, v.48, p.315-319, 1995.
SILVA, R. A. M. S.; DA SILVA, J. A.; SCHNEIDER R. C.; DE FREITAS, J.; MESQUITA,
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trypanosomosis due to Trypanosoma vivax in the Northen subregion of Patanal, Brazil.
Trypnews, v.2, p.1-2, 1995.
SILVA, R. A. M. S.; DA SILVA, J. A.; SCHENEIDER, R. C.; DE FREITAS, J.;
MESQUITA, D. P.; MESQUITA, T. C.; RAMIREZ, L.; DAVILA, A. M. R.; PEREIRA, M.
E. B. Outbreak of trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma vivax (Ziemann, 1905) in bovines of
the Pantanal, Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.52, p.561-562, 1996.
SILVA, R. A. M. S.; MORALEZ, G.; EULERT, E.; MONTENEGRO, A.; YBANEZ, R.
Outbreaks of trypanosomosis due to Trypanosoma vivax in cattle in Bolivia. Veterinary
Parasitology, v.76, p.153-157, 1998.
SILVA, R. A. M. S.; RAMIREZ, L.; SOUZA, S. S.; ORTIZ, A. G.; PEREIRA, S. R.;
DAVILA, A. M. R. Hematology of natural bovine trypanosomosis in the Brazilian Pantanal
and Bolivian Pantanals. Veterinary Parasitology, v.85, p.87-93, 1999.
SOLANO, C.; BERNUES, A.; ROJAS, F.; JOAQUIN, N.; FERNANDEZ, W.; HERRERO,
M. Relationship between management intensity and structural and social variables in dairy
and dual-purpose systems in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Agricultural Systems, v.65, p.159-177,
2000.
WELLS, E. A.; RAMIREZ, L. E.; BETANCOURT, A. Trypanosoma vivax in Colombia:
Interpretation of field results. Tropical Animal Health and Production, v.14, p.141-150,
1982.
Naturais e Socio-econômicos do Pantanal, EMBRAPA-CPAP, Corumbá, MS, 28
Novembro a 4 Dezembro 1984, p.105-106, 1986.
ALHO, C.J.R.; LACHER JR, T.E.; GONÇALVES, H.C. Environmental degradation in the
Pantanal ecosystem. BioScience, v.38, p.164-171, 1988.
BARROS, T.; FOIL, L. Seasonal occurrence and relative abundance of Tabanidae (Diptera)
from the Pantanal region, Brazil. Memoirs of Entomology International, v.14, p.387-396,
1999.
BROWN, K. S. JR. Zoogeografía da região do Pantanal Mato-Grossense. In: Anais do
Simpósio sobre Recursos Naturais e Socio-econômicos do Pantanal, EMBRAPA-CPAP,
Corumbá, MS, 28 Novembro a 4 Dezembro, 1 984, p.137-178, I986.
CADAVID-GARCIA, C. Comercialização do gado bovino do Pantanal Matogrossense.
Comunicado Tecnico EMBRAPA/CPAP,Corumbá,. 1985.
CARRIQUE-MAS, J. J.; WIDDOWSON, M.A.; CUELLAR, A.M.; RIBERA, H.; WALKER,
A. R. Risk of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in different ecological zones of Santa Cruz
Department, Bolivia. Veterinary Parasitology, v.93, p.29-38, 2000.
COLLISCHONN, W.; TUCCI, C. E. M.; CLARKE, R. T. Further evidence of changes in the
hydrological regime of the river Paraguay: part of a wider phenomenon of climate change?
Journal of Hydrology, v.245, p.218-238, 2001.
GARDINER, P. R. Recent studies of the Biology of Trypanosoma vivax . Advances in
Parasitology, v.28, p.229-317, 1989.
HALL, M.; CHAINEY, J.; BETELLA, P.; ARAMAYO, J. L. Tabanidae of Santa Cruz
Department, Bolivia, and their role as pest of livestock. October 1992 to March 1993. Final
Report on ODA Animal Health Programme Project R5407, 66pp, 1993.
HOARE, C.A. The Trypanosomes of Mammals. A Zoological Monograph, Blackwell
Scientific Publication, Oxford, 749 pp, 1972.
HOLMES, P. H. New approaches to the control of trypanosomosis. Veterinary Parasitology,
v.71, p.121-135, 1997.
ILEMOBADE, A. A.; ADEGBOYE, D. S.; ONOVIRAM, O.; CHIMA, J. C.
Immunodepressive effects of trypanosomal infection in cattle immunized against contagious
bovine pleuropneumonia. Parasite Immunology, v.4, p.273-282, 1982.
JUNK, W. J.; C. J. DA SILVA. Neotropical floodplains: A comparison between the Pantanal
of Mato Grosso and the large Amazonian river floodplains. In: Limnology in Brazil. J.G.
Tundisi, C.E.M. Bicudo and T Matsumura Tundisi (eds.), Brazilian Academy of Sciences and
Brazilian Limnological Society, p.195-218, 1995.
LEGER, M; VIENNE, M. Epizootie à trypanosome chez les bovidés de la Guyane Française.
Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique, v.12, p.258-266, 1919.
LEVINE, N. D. Protozoan Parasites of Domestic Animals and of Man. 2 Minneapolis,
Minnesota: Burgess Publishing Company,:406 p. , 1973.
MELENDEZ, R. D.; FORLANO, M.; FIGUEROA, W. Perinatal infection with Trypanosoma
vivax in a calf in Venezuela. Trypnews, v.2, p.4-5, 1995.
MOURAO, G.; COUTINHO, M.; MAURO, R.; CAMPOS, Z.; TOMAS, W.;
MAGNUSSON, W. Aerial surveys of caiman, marsh deer and pampas deer in the Pantanal
Wetland of Brazil. Biological Conservation, v.92, p.175-183, 2000.
OTTE, M. J.; ABUABARA, J. Y. Transmission of South American Trypanosoma vivax by
the neotropical horsefly Tabanus nebulosus. Acta Tropica, v.49, p.3-76, 1991.
PEREGRINE, A. S. Chemotherapy and delivery systems: haemoparasites. Veterinay
Parasitology, v.54, p.223-248, 1994.
PRESENCIA DEL PAIS La principal actividad económica del Beni en riesgo. Ganaderos
benianos se declaram en emergencia. 27 de agosto, p3. , 1997.
RAYMOND, H. L. Tabanus importunus, vecteur mécanique experimental de Trypanosoma
vivax en Guyane française. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, v.65, p.44-46,
1990.
SEIDL, A.; MORAES, A. S.; SILVA, R.A.M.S. A financial analysis of treatment strategies
for Trypanosoma evansi in the Brazilian Pantanal. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, v.33,
p.219-234, 1998.
SEIDL A.; SILVA, DOS S.V. DA, J.; MORAES, A. S. Cattle ranching and deflorestation in
the Brazilian Pantanal. Ecological Economics, v.36: 413-425, 2001.
SHAW, J. J; LAINSON, R. Trypanosoma vivax in Brazil. Annals of Tropical Medicine and
Parasitology, v.66, p.25-32, 1972.
SILVA, R. A. M. S.; BARROS, A. T. M.; HERRERA, H. M. Trypanosomosis outbreaks due
to Trypanosoma evansi in the Pantanal, Brazil. Revue d'Elevage et de Médecine
Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, v.48, p.315-319, 1995.
SILVA, R. A. M. S.; DA SILVA, J. A.; SCHNEIDER R. C.; DE FREITAS, J.; MESQUITA,
D. P.; MESQUITA, T. C.; RAMIREZ, L.; DAVILA, A. M. R.; PEREIRA, M. E. B. Bovine
trypanosomosis due to Trypanosoma vivax in the Northen subregion of Patanal, Brazil.
Trypnews, v.2, p.1-2, 1995.
SILVA, R. A. M. S.; DA SILVA, J. A.; SCHENEIDER, R. C.; DE FREITAS, J.;
MESQUITA, D. P.; MESQUITA, T. C.; RAMIREZ, L.; DAVILA, A. M. R.; PEREIRA, M.
E. B. Outbreak of trypanosomiasis due to Trypanosoma vivax (Ziemann, 1905) in bovines of
the Pantanal, Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, v.52, p.561-562, 1996.
SILVA, R. A. M. S.; MORALEZ, G.; EULERT, E.; MONTENEGRO, A.; YBANEZ, R.
Outbreaks of trypanosomosis due to Trypanosoma vivax in cattle in Bolivia. Veterinary
Parasitology, v.76, p.153-157, 1998.
SILVA, R. A. M. S.; RAMIREZ, L.; SOUZA, S. S.; ORTIZ, A. G.; PEREIRA, S. R.;
DAVILA, A. M. R. Hematology of natural bovine trypanosomosis in the Brazilian Pantanal
and Bolivian Pantanals. Veterinary Parasitology, v.85, p.87-93, 1999.
SOLANO, C.; BERNUES, A.; ROJAS, F.; JOAQUIN, N.; FERNANDEZ, W.; HERRERO,
M. Relationship between management intensity and structural and social variables in dairy
and dual-purpose systems in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Agricultural Systems, v.65, p.159-177,
2000.
WELLS, E. A.; RAMIREZ, L. E.; BETANCOURT, A. Trypanosoma vivax in Colombia:
Interpretation of field results. Tropical Animal Health and Production, v.14, p.141-150,
1982.
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2006-12-22
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Aguilar M. S. Silva R. Approach on risk factors of bovine trypanosomosis due to Trypanosoma vivax in the Bolivian and Brazilian pantanals. RVZ [Internet]. 2006 Dec. 22 [cited 2024 Jul. 3];13(2):153-62. Available from: https://rvz.emnuvens.com.br/rvz/article/view/261
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