OVINE AND EQUINE TOXOPLASMOSIS: OCCURRENCE OF ANTIBODIES IN ANIMALS RAISED IN A RESEARCH CENTER IN THE PANTANAL REGION OF MATO GROSSO DO SUL, BRAZIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2021.v28.659Keywords:
Toxoplasmosis, Nhumirim Farm, Sheep, Horses, PantanalAbstract
Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonosis that affects homeothermic vertebrates, including humans. Toxoplasma gondii, its etiological agent, is capable of infecting its hosts through several transmission routes, including the ingestion of tissue cysts, present in raw or undercooked meat, and the ingestion of oocysts, present in contaminated water and food, being these are the main routes of infection in the epidemiological chain of toxoplasmosis. In this sense, environmental contamination with sporulated oocysts is an important risk factor for toxoplasmic infection in herbivorous animals, such as horses and sheep. While horses show resistance to infection and manifestations of clinical signs of the disease, in sheep, toxoplasmosis may be responsible for important reproductive disorders such as abortion and neonatal death. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of specific anti-T. gondii antibodies in horses and sheep raised on the Experimental Farm Nhumirim, property of Embrapa Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. For this purpose, serum samples were collected from 101 horses and 99 sheep between March 2011 and May 2015. The serum samples were sent to the Toxoplasmosis and other Protozoal Diseases Laboratory, at Oswaldo Cruz Institute, at Oswaldo Cruz Foundation/RJ. Sera were subjected to indirect immunofluorescence test, and seroreactive samples were considered positive from a 1:64 dilution for both species. Anti-T. gondii were detected in 15% (15/99) of sheep and 10% (10/101) of horses. The occurrence of specific anti-T. gondii in the serum samples of these animals, points to an environmental contamination of the property, where possibly wild felids would be acting as dispersers of the parasite. The exposure of the studied animals to T. gondii should be considered when evaluating the results of the performance studies in which these animals are used, especially sheep, due to their high sensitivity to toxoplasmic infection. Corroborating with other authors, about the risk of infection of domestic animals and the presence of T. gondii in the environment of the Brazilian Pantanal and given the difficulties of applying prevention and control measures in the agricultural production systems practiced, it is suggested to apply them focusing on human health.
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