PERSPECTIVAS DO USO DE MARCADORES MOLECULARES NO MELHORAMENTO GENÉTICO DE EQUINOS DE CORRIDA DA RAÇA QUARTO DE MILHA
Palabras clave:
cavalos, desempenho, gene candidato, QTL, SNPsResumen
A utilização de marcadores moleculares trouxe grande progresso ao melhoramento genético de espécies comerciais destinados a produção, como bovinos, suínos e aves, principalmente com o aumento da acurácia de predição de valores genéticos e precocidade na seleção de animais superiores. Isto ocorreu por meio do uso de alguns poucos marcadores ligados a Locos de Características Quantitativas – QTL (Seleção Assistida por Marcadores) ou pela estimação de efeitos de milhares deles simultaneamente (Estudos de Ampla Associação do Genoma – GWAS ou Seleção Genômica – GS). Por outro lado, em outras espécies domésticas, incluindo os equinos, o emprego desta biotecnologia ainda é pouco explorado. Os primeiros estudos a identificar variantes genéticas ligadas a melhores desempenhos em corridas foram realizados recentemente na raça Puro-Sangue Inglês (PSI), resultando na implantação de testes genéticos que auxiliam criadores na seleção de animais com maior potencial genético. Esta revisão tem por objetivo descrever a atual situação dos marcadores moleculares aplicados à cavalos de corrida e as perspectivas do seu uso no melhoramento genético de equinos de corrida Quarto de Milha, raça de grande importância no mundo e também no Brasil.
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