HORNER´S SYNDROME IN DOGS AND CATS

Abstract

The horner's syndrome is characterized by miosis, enophthalmos and third eyelid protrusion, and occurs when there is damage to the sympathetic innervation to the eye and its attachments. The sympathetic innervation to the eye involves a complex via with three neurons (first, second and third order), and a lesion in any part of this pathway can lead to the development of the clinical signs described. The aim of this paper is to review about Horner's syndrome, including: anatomy and physiology of the sympathetic innervation to the eyeball and its attachments, clinical signs, etiology, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. It’s also emphasize the importance of perform physical, neurological, ophthalmic and otoscopic exams, as well as complementary imaging tests to try to locate the site of injury and determine its cause.