Articular cartilage, and pathogenesis and treatment of the osteoarthritis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2019.v26.425Keywords:
joint, pain, diseaseAbstract
Osteoarthritis is characterized by pain and lameness, being considered a non-specific process, but rather a common sequel to various forms of joint lesion, with involvement of biological and mechanical factors. Therefore, the purpose of the present review is to discuss some aspects of articular cartilage (generalities and histogenesis), pathogenesiss of osteoarthritis, as well as some possibilities of intra-articular treatments for osteoarthritis. The articular cartilage, along with the synovial fluid, have an important mechanical role in diarthrodial joints. Chondrocytes are one of principal components of articular cartilage and are designated as highly differentiated cells with limited proliferation and migration capacity. The other component is the extracellular matrix composed of collagen type II, proteoglycans, non-collagenous proteins, glycoproteins, water and electrolytes. Osteoarthritis is classified as a non-inflammatory joint disease with multiple biochemical and biomechanical interactions. All components of the joint can be compromised, but cartilage is considered the target tissue. The osteoarthritis can be classified as primary, which occurs predominantly in elderly animals, and secondary, due to diseases that affect the joint and supporting structures. Among the intra-articular treatments for osteoarthritis are viscosupplementation with hyaluronic acid, the use of corticosteroids, and the combination of hyaluronic acid and corticosteroids. However, there are still several controversies regarding efficacy.
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