Cartílago articular, patogénesis y tratamiento de la osteoartritis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2019.v26.425Palabras clave:
articulación, dolor, enfermedadResumen
La osteoartritis se caracteriza por dolor e claudicación, considerándose como un proceso no especifico, y si, una secuela común a varias formas de lesión articular, involucrando factores biológicos e mecánicos. De esta forma, el objetivo de la presente revisión es mencionar algunos aspectos del cartílago articular (generalidades, histogénesis), patogénesis de la osteoartritis, así como algunas posibilidades de tratamientos intra-articulares para la osteoartritis. El cartílago articular, junto con el líquido sinovial, tienen un papel mecánico importante en las articulaciones diartrodiales. Los condrocitos están entre los principales componentes del cartílago articular y son fijados como células altamente diferenciadas con capacidad limitada de proliferación y migración. El otro componente es la matriz extracelular constituida de colágeno tipo II, proteoglicanos, proteínas no colagenosas, glicoproteínas, agua y electrólitos. La osteoartritis es clasificada como una enfermedad articular no inflamatoria, con múltiples interacciones bioquímicas y biomecánicas. Todos los componentes de la articulación pueden ser comprometidos, sin embargo, el cartílago articular es considerado el tejido de interés. La afección puede ser clasificada como primaria, que ocurre predominantemente en animales de edad avanzada, y secundaria, debido a enfermedades que afectan la articulación y las estructuras de soporte. Entre los tratamientos intra-articulares para la osteoartritis esta la viscosuplementación con ácido hialurônico, el uso de corticosteroides, e la combinación de ácido hialurônico e corticosteroides. Sin embargo, hay aun varias controversias en cuanto la eficacia
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