REGULAÇÃO HORMONAL NO METABOLISMO ENERGÉTICO DE NÃO RUMINANTES EM ESTADO DE JEJUM

Abstract

The objective of this review was to emphasize the hormonal behavior (Insulin, glucagon, ghrelin, leptin, T3, T4, cortisol, adrenaline IGF and GH) acting on energy metabolism of non-ruminant animals on the fasting state. Metabolic processes are regulated by the availability of substrate, by neuroendocrine mechanisms. To understand the metabolic pathways and their hormonal regulation on the different tissues, it is necessary to stop to the specialized metabolism on the various organs and tissues that integrate the energy metabolism in the whole organism of the animal. Thus it is expected to elucidate the broad range of energy mobilization hormones and the hormonal mechanisms present in each tissue, as well as to describe the interrelationship between insulin, glucagon and adrenaline in the coordination of energetic metabolism of muscle, liver and tissue Because each tissue has its own metabolic characteristics, in general, the concentration of nutrients in the blood is controlled by the liver, which in turn becomes the central organ of the maintenance of the homeostasis of the main nutrients. The energy supply in the body during the fasting period is due to the degradation of glycogen, muscular proteolysis and lipolysis that will play specific physiological roles so that the metabolic pathways have their own characteristics, the release of the hormones being regulated by a hierarchy of neuronal signals and Hormones. Insulin, glucagon, and other related hormones regulate blood glucose concentrations and act on the movement of glucose, amino acids, and possibly volatile fatty acids between the spinning and peripheral tissues. Growth hormone may alter tissue sensitivity to insulin. In the absence of insulin, proteolysis and lipolysis may occur, providing substrates for gluconeogenesis and, consequently, energy production in the fasting state.