TECHNOLOGICAL PROSPECTION IN PATENT BASES OF TECHNIQUES AND PRODUCTS APPLIED TO OBTAINING MONOSEX IN FISH
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2022.v29.891Keywords:
Monosex; Pisciculture; Patents; Technological prospecting.Abstract
In 2018, aquaculture produced 82.1 million tons of aquatic animals, with fish accounting for the largest share. This production is constantly increasing in the world, especially in developing countries, ensuring income and nutritional security. Knowing its importance, researchers and producers aim to improve and apply technologies such as the use of monosex fish on farms. These technologies are protected through patent documents to guarantee the exclusivity of commercial exploitation and are made available for searches in national and international databases. Thus, the objective of this work was to carry out the technological prospection of products and processes that aim to obtain the monosex of fish. A search was carried out in the main national and international patent databases, such as INPI, Espacenet, LATIPAT, and Patent scope. The search was performed using keywords in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, followed by analysis and filtering of documents with the adopted inclusion and exclusion criteria. With the patents obtained, the data were tabulated and proceeded to analysis. It was identified that China was the holder of 67.9% of the patents and the beginning of the registration of documents in 1992, with greater growth observed in the last 20 years. According to the international classification of patents, the technological groups that were found the most were in the areas of human and chemical needs (sections A and C). The main depositors were distributed among research institutes and companies. Most of the patents did not specify fish families for the application of the technology, those that did were mainly for Chichilidae and Bagridae. 10 techniques for monosex were protected, and more than half of the patents contained, at some stage of the process, the use of endocrine manipulators to obtain the desired result. This work also made it possible to verify that China remains the largest producer of patents in fish farming, following its great potential in aquaculture. We can conclude that the technological prospection study proved to be effective for understanding the trajectory in which the state of the art of fish farming follows when it comes to obtaining monosex. It was noticed that, even though Brazil is a relevant country in psychculture, the protection of this type of technology is still deficient in the country, and it is necessary to create mitigating measures to circumvent this problem.
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