EFECTOS TÓXICOS DE PESTICIDAS COMERCIALES Y BOTÁNICOS EN LOS PARÁMETROS DE COMPORTAMIENTO DEL PEZ CEBRA (DANIO RERIO)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2023.v30.1118Palabras clave:
Toxicidad, Aceite esencial, Comportamiento animal, Actividad locomotoraResumen
RESUMEN
El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto tóxico de plaguicidas comerciales, aceites esenciales y sus mezclas, que mostraron actividad plaguicida contra Plutella xylostella, sobre parámetros de comportamiento, actividad locomotora y conductas sociales del pez cebra (Danio rerio). Los animales adultos fueron expuestos a pesticidas comerciales deltametrina, azadiractina, clorantraniliprol, aceites esenciales Eugenia caryophyllus, Melaleuca alternifolia, Citrus aurantium var. dulcis, Citrus aurantiifolia, Eucalyptus globulus, Melaleuca leucadendra y mezclas de los mismos. Se evaluaron parámetros de mortalidad y comportamiento en exposición crónica por el método de escaneo instantáneo, actividad locomotora y comportamiento social, según los siguientes parámetros: distancia recorrida, velocidad promedio y tiempo de inactividad. Hubo 100% de mortalidad en animales expuestos a deltametrina, que es el pesticida más tóxico. Se observaron cambios de comportamiento (p < 0,05) en el forrajeo, reposo y ataque a los diferentes plaguicidas. No se observaron cambios en la actividad locomotora y el comportamiento social. Se puede concluir que la exposición a pesticidas comerciales, aceites esenciales y sus mezclas fue tóxica para el pez cebra. La exposición a bajas concentraciones de estos pesticidas comprometió la supervivencia y el comportamiento del pez cebra. Incluso el biopesticida se considera seguro, puede traer riesgos al medio acuático y sus efectos tóxicos deben ser estudiados para determinar concentraciones seguras para su uso en la actividad agrícola.
Citas
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