La fase nerviosa del moquillo canino
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2006.v13.258Palabras clave:
perro, virus del moquillo canino, moquillo nervioso, encefalomielitisResumen
El moquillo canino es una infección sistémica, frecuentemente letal en perros. El virus del
moquillo canino (canine distemper virus - CDV) causa una infección persistente del sistema
nervioso central, resultando en una enfermedad desmielinizante, progresiva y multifocal. En
perros, la infección por CDV puede resultar en señales gastrointestinales y/o respiratorios,
frecuentemente asociados con señales neurológicos. La mioclonia es un señal común y
característica observada en perros con encefalomielitis derivada de moquillo canino. Sin
embargo, la enfermedad nerviosa del moquillo puede ocurrir en ausencia de mioclonia y otros
señales. Esta revisión enfocará en el curso clínico y los señales neurológicos de la cinomosis
nerviosa, así como las síndromes clínicos de la infección por el CDV, la neuropatología de la
desmielinización aguda y crónica, y los recursos diagnósticos de la encefalomielitis por CDV
Citas
ALLDINGER, S.; WUNSCHMANN, A.; BAUMGÄRTNER, W.; VOSS, C.; KREMMER,
E. Up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression in the
central nervous system of dogs with spontaneous canine distemper virus encephalitis. Acta
Neuropathol., v, 92, p.273-280, 1996.
AMUDE, A.M.; ALFIERI, A.A.; ALFIERI A.F. Antemortem Diagnosis of CDV Infection by
RT-PCR in Distemper Dogs with Neurological Deficits without the Typical Clinical
Presentation. Vet. Res. Commun., v.30, p.679-687, 2006a.
AMUDE, A.M.; ALFIERI, A.A.; ALFIERI A.F. Clinicopathological findings in dogs with
distemper encephalomyelitis presented without characteristic signs of the disease. Res. Vet.
Sci., v.90, in press, 2007.
AMUDE, A.M.; ARIAS, M.V.B.; ALFIERI, A.A.; ALFIERI A.F. Clinical syndromes of
canine distemper encephalomyelitis. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., submitted, 2006b.
AMUDE, A.M.; ALFIERI, A.A.; BALARIN, M.R.S.; FARIA DOS REIS, A.C.; ALFIERI,
A.F. Cerebrospinal fluid from a 7-month-old dog with seizure-like episodes. Vet. Clin.
Pathol. J., v.35, p.119-122, 2006c.
AMUDE, A.M.; CARVALHO, G. A.; BALARIN, M.R.S.; ARIAS, M.V.B.; FARIA DOS
REIS, A.C.; ALFIERI, A.A.; ALFIERI, A.F. Encefalomielite pelo vírus da cinonose canina
em cães sem sinais sistêmicos da doença – estudos preliminares em três casos. Clínica
Veterinária v.60, p.60-66, 2006d.
BRAUND, K.G. Inflammatory Diseases of the Central Nervous System. 2001. Available at:
www.ivis.org. Accessed Nov 11, 2001.
BRAUND, K.G. Clinical Syndromes in Veterinary Neurology. 2nd ed. St Louis: Mosby,
1994, 477p.
FAUQUET, C.M.; MAYO, M.A.; MANILOFF, J.; DESSELBERGER, V.; BALL, L.A.
Virus Taxonomy: The light report. San Diego: Academic Press, 2004.
FRISK, A.L.; KONIG, M.; MORITZ, A.; BAUMGÄRTNER, W. Detection of canine
distemper virus nucleoprotein RNA by reverse transcription-PCR using serum, whole blood,
and cerebrospinal fluid from dogs with distemper. J. Clin. Microbiol., v.37, p.3634-3643,
1999.
GEBARA, C.M.S.; WOSIACKI, S.R.; NEGRÃO, F.J.; ALFIERI, A.A.; ALFIERI, A.F.
Lesões histopatológicas no sistema nervoso central de cães com encefalite e diagnóstico
molecular da infecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., v.56,
p.168-174, 2004a.
GEBARA, C.M.S.; WOSIACKI, S.R.; NEGRÃO, F.J.; DE OLIVEIRA, D.B.; BELONI,
S.N.B.; ALFIERI, A.A.; ALFIERI, A.F. Detecção do gene da nucleoproteína do vírus da
cinomose canina por RT-PCR em urina de cães com sinais clínicos de cinomose. Arq. Bras.
Med. Vet. Zootec., v.56, p.480-487, 2004b.
GRABER, H.; MÜLLER, C.; VANDEVELDE, M.; ZURBRIGGEN, A. Restricted infection
with canine distemper virus leads to down-regulation of myelin gene transcription in cultured
oligodendrocytes. Acta Neuropathol., v.90, p.312-318, 1995.
GREENE, G.E.; APPEL, M.J. Canine distemper. In: Greene, G.E. Infectious Diseases of
dog and the cat. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders, 1998. p. 9-22.
HEADLEY, S.A.; GRAÇA, D.L. Canine distemper: epidemiological findings of 250 cases.
Bras. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci., v.37, p.136-140, 2000.
JÓZWIK, A.; FRYMUS, T. Comparison of the Immunofluorescence Assay with RT-PCR and
Nested PCR in the Diagnosis of Canine Distemper. Vet. Res. Commun., v.29, p.347-359,
2005.
KOUTINAS, A.F.; POLIZOPOULOU, Z.S.; BAUMGÄRTNER, W.; LEKKAS, S.;
KONTOS, V. Relation of clinical sings to pathological changes in 19 cases of canine
distemper encephalomyelitis. J. Comp. Pathol., v.126, p.47-56, 2002.
MAIO, Q.; BAUMGÄRTNER, W.; FAILING, K.; ALLDINGER, S. Phase-dependent
expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitions in demyelinating canine
distemper encephalitis. Acta Neuropathol., v.106, p.486-494, 2003.
MEERTENS, N.; STOFFEL, M.H.; CHERPILLOD, P.; WITTEK, R.; VANDEVELDE, M.;
ZURBRIGGEN, A. Mechanism of reduction of virus release and cell-cell fusion in persistent
canine distemper virus infection. Acta Neuropathol., v.106, p.303-310, 2003.
MORITZ, A.; FRISK, A.L.; BAUMGÄRTNER, W. The evaluation of diagnostic procedures
for the detection of canine distemper virus infection. Europ. J. Comp. Anim. Pract., v.10,
p.37-47, 2000.
MORO, L.; MARTINS, A.S.; ALVES, C.M.; SANTOS, F.G.A.; DEL PUERTO, H.L.;
VASCONCELOS, A.C. Apoptosis in the Cerebellum of Dogs with Distemper. J. Vet. Med.
B, v.50, p.221-225, 2003.
MULLER, C.F.; FATZER, R.S.; BECK, K.; VANDEVELDE, M.; ZURBRIGGEN, A.
Studies on canine distemper virus persistence in the central nervous system. Acta
Neuropathol., 89, 438-445. 1995.
NEGRÃO, F.J.; WOSIACK, S.H.; ALFIERI, A.A.; ALFIERI, A.F. Perfil de restrição de um
fragmento do gene H amplificado pela RT-PCR a partir de estirpes vacinais e selvagens do
CDV. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., v.58, p.1099-1106, 2006.
SAITO, T.B.; ALFIERI A.A.; NEGRÃO, F.J.; MORAIS, H.S.A.; ALFIERI, A.F.
Optimization and evaluation of the RT-PCR assay for Ante and Post mortem detection of
canine distemper virus infection. Rev. Vet. Zootec., v.13, p.63-72, 2006a
SAITO, T.B.; ALFIERI, A.A.; WOSIACKI, S.R.; NEGRÃO, F.J.; MORAIS, H.S.A.;
ALFIERI, A.F. Detection of canine distemper virus by reverse transcription-polimerase chain
reaction in the urine of dogs with clinical signs of distemper encephalitis. Res. Vet. Sci., v.80,
p.116-119, 2006b.
SCAGLIARINI, A.; BATTILANI, M.; CIULLI, S.; PROSPERI, S.; MORGANTI, L.
Molecular Analysis of the NP Gene of Italian CDV Isolates. Vet. Res. Commun., v.27,
p.355-357, 2003.
SCHOBESBERGER, M.; ZURBRIGGEN, A.; DOHERR, M.G.; WEISSENBÖCK, H.;
VANDEVELDE, M.; LASSMAN, H.; GRIOT, C. Demyelination precedes oligodendrocyte
loss in canine distemper virus-induced encephalitis. Acta Neuropathol., v.103, p.11-19,
2002.
SCHOBESBERGER, M.; ZURBRIGGEN, A.; SUMMERFIELD, M.; VANDEVELDE, M.;
GRIOT, C. Oligodendroglial degeneration in distemper: apoptosis or necrosis? Acta
Neuropathol., v.97, p.279-287, 1999.
SHELL, L.G. Canine Distemper. Comp. Cont. Edu. Pract. Vet., v.12, p.173-179, 1990.
STEIN, V.M.; CZUB, M.; HANSEN, R.; LEIBOLD, W.; MOORE, P.F.; ZURBRIGGEN, A.;
TIPOLD, A. Characterization of canine microglial cells isolated in vivo. Vet. Immunol.
Immunopathol., v.99, p.73-85, 2004.
SUMMERS, B.A.; CUMMINGS, J.F.; DE LAHUNTA, A. Veterinary Neuropatology. St
Louis: Mosby, 1995. 527p.
TIPOLD, A.; MOORE, P.; ZURBRIGGEN, A.; BURGENER, I.; BARBEN, G.;
VANDEVELDE, M. Early T cell response in the central nervous system in canine distemper
virus infection. Acta Neuropathol., v.97, p.45-56, 1999.
TIPOLD, A.; VANDEVELDE, M.; JAGGY, A. Neurological manifestation of canine
distemper virus infection. J. Small Anim. Pract., v.33, p.466-470, 1992.
TUDURY, A.E.; ARIAS, M.V.B.; BRACARENSE, A.P.F.L.; MEGID, J.; DIAS, R.F.
JÚNIOR. Observações Clínicas e Laboratoriais em Cães com Cinomose Nervosa. Ci. Rural,
v.27, p.229-235, 1997.
VANDEVELDE, M.; CACHIN, M. The Neurologic Form of Canine Distemper. In:
Bonagura, J.D.; Kirk, R.W. Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy XI, Small Animal
Practice. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1993. p.1003-1007.
VANDEVELDE, M.; KRISTENSEN, B.; BRAUND, K.G.; GREENE, G.E.; SWANGO,
L.T.; HOERLEIN, B.F. Chronic Canine distemper virus encephalitis in mature dogs. Vet.
Pathol., v.17, p.17-28, 1980.
VANDEVELDE M,; ZURBRIGGEN A. The neurobiology of canine distemper virus
infection. Vet. Microbiol., v.44, p.271-280, 1995.
ZURBRIGGEN, A.; SCHMID, I.; GRABER, H.U.; VANDEVELDE, M. Oligodendroglial
pathology in canine distemper. Acta Neuropathol., v.95, p.71-77, 1998.
ZURBRIGGEN, A.; VANDEVELDE, M. Canine distemper virus-induced glial cell changes
in vitro. Acta Neuropathol., v.62, p.51-58, 1993.
E. Up-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression in the
central nervous system of dogs with spontaneous canine distemper virus encephalitis. Acta
Neuropathol., v, 92, p.273-280, 1996.
AMUDE, A.M.; ALFIERI, A.A.; ALFIERI A.F. Antemortem Diagnosis of CDV Infection by
RT-PCR in Distemper Dogs with Neurological Deficits without the Typical Clinical
Presentation. Vet. Res. Commun., v.30, p.679-687, 2006a.
AMUDE, A.M.; ALFIERI, A.A.; ALFIERI A.F. Clinicopathological findings in dogs with
distemper encephalomyelitis presented without characteristic signs of the disease. Res. Vet.
Sci., v.90, in press, 2007.
AMUDE, A.M.; ARIAS, M.V.B.; ALFIERI, A.A.; ALFIERI A.F. Clinical syndromes of
canine distemper encephalomyelitis. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., submitted, 2006b.
AMUDE, A.M.; ALFIERI, A.A.; BALARIN, M.R.S.; FARIA DOS REIS, A.C.; ALFIERI,
A.F. Cerebrospinal fluid from a 7-month-old dog with seizure-like episodes. Vet. Clin.
Pathol. J., v.35, p.119-122, 2006c.
AMUDE, A.M.; CARVALHO, G. A.; BALARIN, M.R.S.; ARIAS, M.V.B.; FARIA DOS
REIS, A.C.; ALFIERI, A.A.; ALFIERI, A.F. Encefalomielite pelo vírus da cinonose canina
em cães sem sinais sistêmicos da doença – estudos preliminares em três casos. Clínica
Veterinária v.60, p.60-66, 2006d.
BRAUND, K.G. Inflammatory Diseases of the Central Nervous System. 2001. Available at:
www.ivis.org. Accessed Nov 11, 2001.
BRAUND, K.G. Clinical Syndromes in Veterinary Neurology. 2nd ed. St Louis: Mosby,
1994, 477p.
FAUQUET, C.M.; MAYO, M.A.; MANILOFF, J.; DESSELBERGER, V.; BALL, L.A.
Virus Taxonomy: The light report. San Diego: Academic Press, 2004.
FRISK, A.L.; KONIG, M.; MORITZ, A.; BAUMGÄRTNER, W. Detection of canine
distemper virus nucleoprotein RNA by reverse transcription-PCR using serum, whole blood,
and cerebrospinal fluid from dogs with distemper. J. Clin. Microbiol., v.37, p.3634-3643,
1999.
GEBARA, C.M.S.; WOSIACKI, S.R.; NEGRÃO, F.J.; ALFIERI, A.A.; ALFIERI, A.F.
Lesões histopatológicas no sistema nervoso central de cães com encefalite e diagnóstico
molecular da infecção pelo vírus da cinomose canina. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., v.56,
p.168-174, 2004a.
GEBARA, C.M.S.; WOSIACKI, S.R.; NEGRÃO, F.J.; DE OLIVEIRA, D.B.; BELONI,
S.N.B.; ALFIERI, A.A.; ALFIERI, A.F. Detecção do gene da nucleoproteína do vírus da
cinomose canina por RT-PCR em urina de cães com sinais clínicos de cinomose. Arq. Bras.
Med. Vet. Zootec., v.56, p.480-487, 2004b.
GRABER, H.; MÜLLER, C.; VANDEVELDE, M.; ZURBRIGGEN, A. Restricted infection
with canine distemper virus leads to down-regulation of myelin gene transcription in cultured
oligodendrocytes. Acta Neuropathol., v.90, p.312-318, 1995.
GREENE, G.E.; APPEL, M.J. Canine distemper. In: Greene, G.E. Infectious Diseases of
dog and the cat. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W.B.Saunders, 1998. p. 9-22.
HEADLEY, S.A.; GRAÇA, D.L. Canine distemper: epidemiological findings of 250 cases.
Bras. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci., v.37, p.136-140, 2000.
JÓZWIK, A.; FRYMUS, T. Comparison of the Immunofluorescence Assay with RT-PCR and
Nested PCR in the Diagnosis of Canine Distemper. Vet. Res. Commun., v.29, p.347-359,
2005.
KOUTINAS, A.F.; POLIZOPOULOU, Z.S.; BAUMGÄRTNER, W.; LEKKAS, S.;
KONTOS, V. Relation of clinical sings to pathological changes in 19 cases of canine
distemper encephalomyelitis. J. Comp. Pathol., v.126, p.47-56, 2002.
MAIO, Q.; BAUMGÄRTNER, W.; FAILING, K.; ALLDINGER, S. Phase-dependent
expression of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitions in demyelinating canine
distemper encephalitis. Acta Neuropathol., v.106, p.486-494, 2003.
MEERTENS, N.; STOFFEL, M.H.; CHERPILLOD, P.; WITTEK, R.; VANDEVELDE, M.;
ZURBRIGGEN, A. Mechanism of reduction of virus release and cell-cell fusion in persistent
canine distemper virus infection. Acta Neuropathol., v.106, p.303-310, 2003.
MORITZ, A.; FRISK, A.L.; BAUMGÄRTNER, W. The evaluation of diagnostic procedures
for the detection of canine distemper virus infection. Europ. J. Comp. Anim. Pract., v.10,
p.37-47, 2000.
MORO, L.; MARTINS, A.S.; ALVES, C.M.; SANTOS, F.G.A.; DEL PUERTO, H.L.;
VASCONCELOS, A.C. Apoptosis in the Cerebellum of Dogs with Distemper. J. Vet. Med.
B, v.50, p.221-225, 2003.
MULLER, C.F.; FATZER, R.S.; BECK, K.; VANDEVELDE, M.; ZURBRIGGEN, A.
Studies on canine distemper virus persistence in the central nervous system. Acta
Neuropathol., 89, 438-445. 1995.
NEGRÃO, F.J.; WOSIACK, S.H.; ALFIERI, A.A.; ALFIERI, A.F. Perfil de restrição de um
fragmento do gene H amplificado pela RT-PCR a partir de estirpes vacinais e selvagens do
CDV. Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec., v.58, p.1099-1106, 2006.
SAITO, T.B.; ALFIERI A.A.; NEGRÃO, F.J.; MORAIS, H.S.A.; ALFIERI, A.F.
Optimization and evaluation of the RT-PCR assay for Ante and Post mortem detection of
canine distemper virus infection. Rev. Vet. Zootec., v.13, p.63-72, 2006a
SAITO, T.B.; ALFIERI, A.A.; WOSIACKI, S.R.; NEGRÃO, F.J.; MORAIS, H.S.A.;
ALFIERI, A.F. Detection of canine distemper virus by reverse transcription-polimerase chain
reaction in the urine of dogs with clinical signs of distemper encephalitis. Res. Vet. Sci., v.80,
p.116-119, 2006b.
SCAGLIARINI, A.; BATTILANI, M.; CIULLI, S.; PROSPERI, S.; MORGANTI, L.
Molecular Analysis of the NP Gene of Italian CDV Isolates. Vet. Res. Commun., v.27,
p.355-357, 2003.
SCHOBESBERGER, M.; ZURBRIGGEN, A.; DOHERR, M.G.; WEISSENBÖCK, H.;
VANDEVELDE, M.; LASSMAN, H.; GRIOT, C. Demyelination precedes oligodendrocyte
loss in canine distemper virus-induced encephalitis. Acta Neuropathol., v.103, p.11-19,
2002.
SCHOBESBERGER, M.; ZURBRIGGEN, A.; SUMMERFIELD, M.; VANDEVELDE, M.;
GRIOT, C. Oligodendroglial degeneration in distemper: apoptosis or necrosis? Acta
Neuropathol., v.97, p.279-287, 1999.
SHELL, L.G. Canine Distemper. Comp. Cont. Edu. Pract. Vet., v.12, p.173-179, 1990.
STEIN, V.M.; CZUB, M.; HANSEN, R.; LEIBOLD, W.; MOORE, P.F.; ZURBRIGGEN, A.;
TIPOLD, A. Characterization of canine microglial cells isolated in vivo. Vet. Immunol.
Immunopathol., v.99, p.73-85, 2004.
SUMMERS, B.A.; CUMMINGS, J.F.; DE LAHUNTA, A. Veterinary Neuropatology. St
Louis: Mosby, 1995. 527p.
TIPOLD, A.; MOORE, P.; ZURBRIGGEN, A.; BURGENER, I.; BARBEN, G.;
VANDEVELDE, M. Early T cell response in the central nervous system in canine distemper
virus infection. Acta Neuropathol., v.97, p.45-56, 1999.
TIPOLD, A.; VANDEVELDE, M.; JAGGY, A. Neurological manifestation of canine
distemper virus infection. J. Small Anim. Pract., v.33, p.466-470, 1992.
TUDURY, A.E.; ARIAS, M.V.B.; BRACARENSE, A.P.F.L.; MEGID, J.; DIAS, R.F.
JÚNIOR. Observações Clínicas e Laboratoriais em Cães com Cinomose Nervosa. Ci. Rural,
v.27, p.229-235, 1997.
VANDEVELDE, M.; CACHIN, M. The Neurologic Form of Canine Distemper. In:
Bonagura, J.D.; Kirk, R.W. Kirk’s Current Veterinary Therapy XI, Small Animal
Practice. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1993. p.1003-1007.
VANDEVELDE, M.; KRISTENSEN, B.; BRAUND, K.G.; GREENE, G.E.; SWANGO,
L.T.; HOERLEIN, B.F. Chronic Canine distemper virus encephalitis in mature dogs. Vet.
Pathol., v.17, p.17-28, 1980.
VANDEVELDE M,; ZURBRIGGEN A. The neurobiology of canine distemper virus
infection. Vet. Microbiol., v.44, p.271-280, 1995.
ZURBRIGGEN, A.; SCHMID, I.; GRABER, H.U.; VANDEVELDE, M. Oligodendroglial
pathology in canine distemper. Acta Neuropathol., v.95, p.71-77, 1998.
ZURBRIGGEN, A.; VANDEVELDE, M. Canine distemper virus-induced glial cell changes
in vitro. Acta Neuropathol., v.62, p.51-58, 1993.
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2018-09-28
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Fernandes Alfieri A, Mendes Amude A, Alcindo Alfier A. La fase nerviosa del moquillo canino. RVZ [Internet]. 28 de septiembre de 2018 [citado 21 de noviembre de 2024];13(2):125-36. Disponible en: https://rvz.emnuvens.com.br/rvz/article/view/258
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