GENES BRCA1 E BRCA2 COMO BIOMARCADORES EM CARCINOMAS MAMÁRIOS CANINOS – REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2024.v31.1560Palavras-chave:
carcinoma mamário, genética, mutações, neoplasias.Resumo
Os carcinomas mamários caninos são a neoplasia mais comumente diagnosticada em cadelas não castradas, e são a segunda neoplasia mais comumente encontrada dentre todas as neoplasias em cães. Assim como observado em tumores de mama em humanos, os tumores mamários malignos em cadelas possuem uma incidência de alta morbidade e mortalidade nos animais acometidos. Além da semelhança epidemiológica com dados encontrados na literatura humana sobre neoplasias mamárias, os tumores mamários caninos também possuem alta similaridade histopatológica e de fisiopatogenia. Os carcinomas mamários caninos possuem desenvolvimento multifatorial, os quais podem estar associados a raça, idade, status de castração do animal e, também, fatores genéticos. Os genes BRCA1 e BRCA2, quando mutados, têm grande importância na formação de tumores de mama em humanos e cães. Estes são genes com função importante na manutenção da estabilidade genômica. Devido a alta semelhança desta enfermidade entre a espécie canina e humana, é possível estudar a utilização de biomarcadores humanos para medicina veterinária. Mutações nos genes BRCA1 e BRCA2 são alvos de uso como biomarcadores bem definidos e estabelecidos para tumores de mama e de cérvix em mulheres, o seu uso tem relevância na medicina veterinária, assim como é observado na literatura humana. Com esta revisão, ressalta-se que é notório o potencial do uso dos genes BRCA1 e BRCA2 como biomarcadores para carcinomas mamários caninos a partir de estudos já existentes, porém, ainda são necessários mais estudos abordando esta temática.
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