BRCA1 AND BRCA2 GENES AS BIOMARKERS IN CANINE MAMMARY CARCINOMAS – LITERATURE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2024.v31.1560Keywords:
mammary carcinoma, genetic, mutations, neoplasiaAbstract
Canine mammary carcinomas are the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm in unneutered female dogs and are the second most frequently found neoplasm among all neoplasms in dogs. As observed in breast tumors in humans, malignant mammary tumors in dogs have a high incidence of morbidity and mortality in affected animals. In addition to the epidemiological similarity with data found in the human literature on mammary neoplasms, canine mammary tumors also have high histopathological and pathophysiological similarity. Canine mammary carcinomas have a multifactorial development, which may be associated with the breed, age, castration status of the animal, and genetic factors.The BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are two genes that, when mutated, are of great importance in forming breast tumors in humans and dogs.These are genes with an essential function in maintaining genomic stability. Due to the high similarity, using human biomarkers within veterinary medicine becomes possible. Due to the high similarity, using human biomarkers within veterinary medicine becomes possible. Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are targets for use as well-defined and established biomarkers for breast and cervix tumors in women. Their high use is relevant in veterinary medicine, as is observed in the human literature. With this review, it is highlighted that the potential of using the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes as biomarkers for canine mammary carcinomas based on existing studies is clear. However, more studies addressing this topic are still needed.
References
Akram M, Iqbal M, Daniyal M, Khan AU. Awareness and current knowledge of breast cancer. Biol Res. 2017; 50:33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-017-0140-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40659-017-0140-9
Benavente MA, Bianchi CP, Aba MA. Canine Mammary Tumors: Risk Factors, Prognosis and Treatments. J. Veter. Adv. DOI:2016;6:1291–1300. 10.5455/jva.20160916045115 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/jva.20160916045115
Bignell G, Stratton MR, Ashworth A, Woster R. The BRC repeats are conserved in mammalian BRCA2 proteins. Hum Mol. Genet. 1997; 6:53–58. DOI:doi.org/10.1093/hmg/6.1.53 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/6.1.53
Borge KS, Børresen-Dale AL, Lingaas F. Identification of genetic variation in 11 candidate genes of canine mammary tumor. Vet Comp Oncol. 2011;9:241–250. DOI:doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5829.2010.00250.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5829.2010.00250.x
Casilli F, Tournier I, Sinilnikova OM, et al. The contribution of germline rearrangements to the spectrum of BRCA2 mutations. J Med Genet. 2006;43:e49. DOI:dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2005.040212 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2005.040212
Chrisp CE, Spangler WL. The malignant canine mammary tumor as a model for the study of human breast cancer. In: SHIFRINE, M.; WILSON, F.D. The Canine as a Biomedical Research Model: Immunological, Hemato- logical and Oncological Aspects. Oak Ridge (TN): Technical Information Center/U.S. Department of Energy (Dist. by National Technical Information Service/U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA). 1980;331–49.
Constantinescu GM, Schaller O. Illustrated Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature. Stuttgart, Germany: Ferdinand Enke. 1992.
Couch FJ, Weber BL. Mutations and polymorphisms in the familial early-onset breast cancer (BRCA1) gene. Breast Cancer Information Core. Hum Mutat. 1996;8:8–18. DOI:doi.org/10.1002/humu.1380080102 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.1380080102
Dobson JM, Samuel S, Milstein H, Rogers K, Wood JL. Canine neoplasia in the UK: estimates of incidence rates from a population of insured dogs. J Small Anim Pract. 2009;43:240–246. DOI:doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2002.tb00066.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2002.tb00066.x
Enginler SO, Akis I, Toydemir TSF, Oztabak K, Haktanir D, Gunduz MC, Kirsan I, Firat I.Genetic variations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in dogs with mammary tumours. Vet Res Comm. 2014; 38:21-27.DOI:10.1007/s11259-013-9577-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11259-013-9577-7
Frese K. Comparative pathology of breast tumors in domestic animals. Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol. 1985; 69:152–70.
Goldschmidt M, Pena L, Rasotto R. Classification and grading canine mammary tumors. Vet Pathol. 2011;48:117-131. DOI:doi.org/10.1177/0300985810393258 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985810393258
Hall JM, Lee MK, Newman B, Morrow JE, Anderson LA, Huey B, King MC. Linkage of early-onset familial breast cancer to chromosome 17q21. Sci. 1990;250:1684–1689. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2270482
Henry JC. Biomarkers in veterinary cancer screening: applications, limitations and expectations. Vet J. 2010;185:10–4. DOI: 10.1126/science.2270482 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.005
Jitpean S, Hagman R, Ström Holst B, Höglund OV, Pettersson A, Egenvall A. Breed variations in the incidence of pyometra and mammary tumours in Swedish dogs. Reprod. Domest. Anim. 2012;47:347–350. DOI: 10.1111/rda.12103 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.12103
Kaszak I, Ruszczak A, Kanafa S, Kacprzak K, Król M, Jurka P. Current biomarkers of canine mammary tumor. Acta Vet Scand. 2018:60:66. DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0417-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13028-018-0417-1
Merlo DF, Rossi L, Pellegrino C, Ceppi M, Cardellino U, Capurro C, Ratto A, Sambucco PL, Sestito V, Tanara G, Bocchini V. Cancer incidence inpet dogs: findings of the Animal Tumor Registry of Genoa, Italy. J Vet Intern Med. 2008; 22:976–984. DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0133.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0133.x
Misdorp W. Tumors of the mammary gland. In: Meuten, D.J. (Ed.), Tumors in Domestic Animals. Iowa State Press, Ames. 2002:575–606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470376928.ch12
Misdorp W, Else RW, Hellmen E. Histologic Classification of Mammary Tumors of the Dog and Cat. Vol 7. Washington, DC: Armed Force Institute of Pathology and World Health Organization. 1999.
Miki Y, Swernsen J, Shattuck-Eidens D, Futreal PA, Harshman K, Tavtigian S, Liu Q, Cochran C, Bennett LM, Ding W.. A strong candidate for the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1. Science. 1994;266:66–71. DOI:10.1126/science.7545954 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7545954
Moe L. Population-based incidence of mammary tumours in some dog breeds. J Reprod Fertil. 2001;57:439–443.
Mobasheri A, Cassidy J. Biomarkers in veterinary medicine: towards targeted, individualised therapies for companion animals. Vet J. 2010;185:1–3. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.04.003
Mohammed SI, Meloni GB, Pinna Parpaglia ML, Marras V, Burrai GP, Meloni F, Pirino S, Antuofermo E. Mammography and ultrasound imaging ofpreinvasive and invasive canine spontaneous mammary cancer and their similarities to human breast cancer. Cancer Prev Res. 2011; 4:1790–1798. DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0084 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-11-0084
National Cancer Institute. Available online: http://www.cancer.gov (accessed on 08 October, 2023).
Nieto A, Pérez-Alenza MD, Del Castillo N, Tabanera E, Castaño M; Peña L. BRCA1 expression in canine mammary dysplasias and tumours: Relationship with prognostic variables. J Comp Pathol. 2003;128:260–268. DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.2002.0631 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/jcpa.2002.0631
Ochiai K, Yoshikawa Y, Oonuma T, Tomioka Y, Hashizume KF, Morimats M. Interactions between canine RAD51 and full length or truncated BRCA2 BRC repeats. Vet J. 2011;190:293-295. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.11.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.11.001
Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P. Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocon 2000. Int J Cancer. 2001;94:153–156. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1440 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.1440
Phillips KA, Andrulis IL, Goodwin PJ. Breast carcino- mas arising in carriers of mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2: are they prognostically different? J Clin Oncol 1999;17:3653–63. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.1999.17.11.3653 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.1999.17.11.3653
Rajan JV, Marquis ST, Gardner HP, Chodosh LA. Developmental expression of Brca2 colocalizes with Brca1 and is associated with proliferation and differentiation in multiple tissues. Dev Biol. 1997;184: 385-401.DOI: 10.1006/dbio.1997.8526 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1997.8526
Reddy GBM, Kumar P, Kumar R, Singh Pawaiya R, Ravindran R. Histopathological classification and incidence of canine mammary tumours. Indian J. Vet. Pathol. 2009;33:152–155. DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v8i3.3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ovj.v8i3.3
Rehm S, Stanislaus DJ, Williams AM. Estrous cycle-dependent histology and review of sex steroid receptor expression in dog reproductive tissues and mammary gland and associated hormone levels. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2007;80:233–245. DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20121 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bdrb.20121
Rivera P, Melin M, Biagi T, Fall T, Haggstrom J, Lindblad-Toh K, Von Euler H. Mammary tumor development in dogs is associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2. Cancer Res. 2009;69:8770–4. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-1725 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-09-1725
Salas Y, Márquez A, Diaz D, Romero L. Epidemiological Study of Mammary Tumors in Female Dogs Diagnosed during the Period 2002–2012: A Growing Animal Health Problem. PLoS ONE. 2015;10: e0127381. DOI:doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127381 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127381
Santos M, Marcos R, Faustino AMR. Histological study of canine mammary gland during the oestrous cycle. Reprod Dom Anim. 2010;45:146–154. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01536.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01536.x
Sorenmo KU, Rasotto R, Zappulli V, Goldschmidt MH. Development, anatomy, histology, lymphatic drainage, clinical features, and cell differentiation markers of canine mammary gland neoplasms. Vet Pathol. 2011;48:85–97. DOI: 10.1177/0300985810389480. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985810389480
Tavtigian SV, Simard J, Rommens J, et al. The complete BRCA2 gene and mutations in chromosome 13q- linked kindreds. Nat Genet. 1996;12:333–7. DOI: 10.1038/ng0396-333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0396-333
Vascellari M, Baioni E, Ru G, Carminato A, Mutinelli F. Animal tumour registry of two provinces in northern Italy: incidence of spontaneous tumours in dogs and cats. BMC Vet. Res. 2009; 5:39. DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-5-39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-6148-5-39
Visan S, Balacescu O, Berindan-Neagoe I, Catoi C: In vitro comparative models for canine and human breast cancers. Clujul Med. 2016;89:38–49. doi: 10.15386/cjmed-519 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-519
Walsh T, Casadei S, Coats KH, et al. Spectrum of mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, and TP53 in families at high risk of breast cancer. JAMA 2006;295: 1379–88. DOI: 10.1001/jama.295.12.1379 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.295.12.1379
Wooster R, Weber BL. Breast, and ovarian cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:2339–2347. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra012284 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra012284
Yoshikawa Y, Morimatsu M, Ochiai K, Ishiguro-Oonuma T, Wada S, Orino K, et al. Reduced canine BRCA2 expression levels in mammary gland tumors. BMC Vet Res. 2015;11:159. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0483-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-015-0483-9
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Tamires Goneli Wichert Teodoro, Heloísa Coppini de Lima, Renée Laufer Amorim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Este obra está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
