Canine lymphoma: literature review emphasizing on diffuse large b cell lymphoma
Literature review emphasizing on diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Keywords:
lymphoma, dog, DLBCL, immunophenotypingAbstract
Non Hodgkin lymphomas (LNHs) are the most common hematopoietic tumors of dogs.
However, its etiology is not well established and there are many probable factors that may
lead to its development such as immune system aberrations, environmental elements and
genetic changes. The tumor may occur at any age but it predominantly affects middle age to
elderly dogs. Canine lymphoma can be anatomically divided into multicentric, digestive,
thymic, cutaneous or solitary and also into five clinical and two subclinical stages. Lately
various human classifications and also one proposed for domestic animals have been used.
Lymphoma immunophenotyping is incorporated into current classification systems as well as
determination of biological markers for proliferation and apoptosis. Diffuse Large B Cell
Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent subtype both in dogs and humans. DLBCLs are
tumors composed of lymphoid B cell characterized by a diffuse growth pattern. DLBCLs may
present at least five variants which relates to different patterns of biological behavior including in dogs. However, routinely these tumors are only classified as DLBCLs without taking into account its morphologic characteristics, immunohistochemical profile and
proliferation index. On account of this the World Health Organization (WHO) proposes that
on research projects those variants are thoroughly investigated in order to identify differences
that enable establishment of new entities.
References
Ponce F, Marchal T, Magnol JP, Turinelli V, Ledieu D, Bonnefont C, et al. A
morphological study of 608 cases of canine malignant lymphoma in France with a focus on
comparative similarities between canine and human lymphoma morphology. Vet Pathol.
;47(3):414-33.
Comazzi S, Guscetti F, Marconato L. First meeting of the European canine lymphoma
group. Workshop: state of the art and comparative aspects in canine lymphoma. CHLugano, 22 June 2013. Hematol Oncol. 2013;32(2):68-71.
Ito D, Frantza AM, Modiano JF. Canine lymphoma as a comparative model for humannonHodgkin lymphoma: recent progress and applications. Vet Immunol Immunopathol.
;159(3-4):192-201.
Valli VE, Jacobs RM, Parodi AL, Vernau W, Moore PF. Histological classification of
hematopoietic tumors of domestic animals. 2nd ed. Washington: Armed Forced Institute of
Pathology; 2002.
Valli VE, San Myint M, Barthel A, Bienzle D, Caswell J, Colbatzly F, et al. Classification
of canine malignant lymphomas according to the World Health Organization Criteria. Vet
Pathol. 2011;48(1):198-211.
Frantz AM, Sarver AL, Ito D, Phang TL, Karimpour-Fard A, Scott MC, et al. Molecular
profiling reveals prognostically significant subtypes of canine lymphoma. Vet Pathol.
;50(4):693-703.
Mudaliar MAV, Haggart RD, Miele G, Sellar G, Tan KA, Goodlad JR, et al. Comparative
gene expression profiling identifies common molecular signatures of NF-kB activation in
canine and human diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). PLOS One. 2013;8(9):1-17.
Richards KL, Motsinger-Reif AA, Chen H, Fedoriw Y, Fan C, Nielsen DM, et al. Gene
profiling of canine B-cell lymphoma reveals germinal center and post-germinal center
subtypes with different survival times, modeling human DLBCL. Cancer Res.
;73(16):5029-39.
Suzano SMC. Avaliação da proliferação celular, índice apoptótico e da expressão do P53
nos linfomas caninos [tese]. Botucatu: Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia,
Universidade Estadual Paulista ; 2007.
Valli VE. Veterinary comparative hematopathology. Iowa: Blackwell; 2007.
Donoghue S, Baden HS, Lauder I, Sobolewski S, Pringle JH. Immunohistochemical
localization of caspase-3 correlates with clinical outcome in B-Cell Diffuse Large-Cell
Lymphoma. Cancer Res. 1999;59(20):5386-91.
Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, et al. WHO
Classification of Tumours of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 4th ed. Lyon: IARC
Press; 2008.
Imamura J, Miyoshi I, Koeffler HP. p53 in hematologic malignancies. Blood.
;84(8):2412-21.
Sueiro FAR, Alessi AC, Vassallo J. Canine lymphomas: a morphological and
immunohistochemical study of 55 cases, with observations on p53 immunoexpression. J
Comp Pathol. 2004;131(2-3):207-13.
Dhaliwal RS, Kitchell BE, Ehrhart EJ, Valli VE, Dervisis NG. Clinicopathologic
significance of histologic grade, Pgp, and P53 expression in canine lymphoma. J Am
Anim Hosp Assoc. 2013;49(3):175-85.
Tomiyasu H, Goto-Koshino Y, Takahashi M, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H.
Quantitative analysis of mRNA for 10 different drug resistance factors in dogs with
lymphoma. J Vet Med Sci. 2010;72(9):1165-72.
Dobson JM, Blackwood LB, Mcinnes EF, Bostock DE, Nicholls P, Hoather TM, et al.
Prognostic variables in canine multicentric lymphossarcoma. J Small Anim Pract.
;42(8):377-84.
Rutley M, MacDonald V. Managing the canine lymphosarcoma patient in general
practice. Can Vet J. 2007;48(9):977-9.
Vail DM, MacEwen EG, Young KM. Canine lymphoma and lymphoid leukemias. In:
Withrow SJ, MacEwen EG. Small animal clinical oncology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia:
Saunders Company; 2001. p.558-90.
Boerkamp KM, Teske E, Boon LR, Grinwis GCM, van den Bossche L, Rutteman GR.
Estimated incidence rate and distribution of tumours in 4,653 cases of archival
submissions derived from the Dutch golden retriever population. BMC Vet Res.
;10(34):1-10.
Teske E. Canine malignant lymphoma: a review and comparison with human non
hodgkin's lymphoma. Vet Q. 1994;16(4):209-19.
Zanini DA, Kimura KC, Nishiya AT, Ubukata R, Leandro RM, Brito CP, et al.
Environmental risk factors related to the development of canine non-Hodgkin’s
Lymphoma Cienc Rural. 2013;43(7):1302-8.
Rütgen BC, Willenbrock S, Reimann-Berg N, Walter I, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A, Wagner
S, et al. Authentication of primordial characteristics of the CLBL- 1 cell line prove the
integrity of a canine B-Cell lymphoma in a murine in vivo model. PLoS One.
;7(6):e40078. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040078.
Ferraresso S, Bresolin S, Arico A, Comazzi S, Gelain ME, Riondato F, et al. Epigenetic
silencing of TFPI-2 in canine diffuse large BCell lymphoma. PLOS One. 2014;9(4):1-10.
Rowell JL, McCarthy DO, Alvarez CE. Dog models of naturally occurring cancer.
Trends Mol Med. 2011;17(7):380-8.
Vail DM, Young KM. Hematopoietic tumors. In: Withrow SJ, Vail DM. Small animal
clinical oncology. 4th ed. Missouri: Saunders; 2007. p.699-784.
Moreno K, Bracarense APFRL. Estudo retrospectivo de linfoma canino no período de
-2004 na região norte do Paraná. Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci. 2007;44:46-52.
Cápua MLB, Coleta FED, Canesin APMN, Godoy AV, Calazans SG, Miotto MR, et al.
Linfoma canino: clínica, hematologia e tratamento com o protocolo de MadisonWisconsin. Cienc Rural. 2011;41(7):1245-51.
Neuwald EB, Teixeira LV, Conrado FO, Silva MOD, Hlavac NRC, González FHD.
Epidemiological, clinical and immunohistochemical aspects of canine lymphoma in the
region of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Pesqui Vet Bras. 2014;34(4):349-54.
Sequeira JL, Franco M, Bandarra EP, Figueiredo LMA, Rocha NS. Características
anatomoclínicas dos linfomas caninos na região de Botucatu, São Paulo. Arq Bras Med
Vet Zootec. 1999;51(3):245-9.
Fighera RA, Souza TM, Rodrigues A, Barros CSL. Aspectos clinicopatológicos de 43
casos de linfoma em cães. MEDVEP: Rev Cient Med Vet Pequenos Anim Anim Estim.
;4(12):139-46.
Vezzali E, Parodi AL, Marcato PS, Bettini, G. Histopathologic classification of 171 cases
of canine and feline non Hodgkin lymphoma according to the WHO. Vet Comp Oncol.
;8(1):38-49.
Fernandes TR. Classificação morfológica e imunoistoquímica em microarranjo de tecido
(TMA) de linfomas não-hodgkin em cães conforme os critérios da Histological
Classification of Hematopoietic Tumours of Domestic Animals (WHO) [dissertação].
Botucatu: Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual
Paulista; 2014.
Pastor M, Chalvet-Monfray K, Marchal T, Keck G, Magnol JP, Fournel-Fleury C, et al.
Genetic and environmental risk indicators in canine non-hodgkin’s lymphomas: breed
associations and geographic distribution of 608 cases diagnosed throughout France over 1
year. J Vet Intern Med. 2009;23(2):301-10.
Valli VE, Kass PH, San Myint M, Scott F. Canine lymphomas: association of
classification type, disease stage, tumor subtype, mitotic rate, and treatment with survival.
Vet Pathol. 2013;50(5):738-48.
Modiano JF, Breen M, Burnett RC, Parker HG, Inusah S, Thomas R, et al. Distinct B-cell
and T-cell lymphoproliferative disease prevalence among dog breeds indicates heritable
risk. Cancer Res. 2005;65(13):5654-61.
Dobson JM. Breed-Predispositions to cancer in pedigree dogs. ISRN Vet
Sci. 2013;2013:1-23. doi:10.1155/2013/941275.
Bienzle D, Vernau W. The diagnostic assessment of canine lymphoma: implications for
treatment. Clin Lab Med. 2011;31(1):21-39.
Flowers R, Sinha R, Vose JM. Improving outcomes for patients with diffuse large B-cell
lymphoma. CA Cancer J Clin. 2010;60(6):393-408.
Gatter KC, Warnke RA. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In: Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H,
Vardiman JW. World health organization classification of tumors. Pathology and genetics
of tumors of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon: IARC Press; 2001. p.171-4.
Lennert K, Feller AC. Histopathology of non-hodgkin´s lymphomas. 2nd ed. Berlim:
Springer-Verlag; 1992.
Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Diebold J, Flandrin G, Muller-Hermelink HK, Vardiman J, et al.
The World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic
and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting-Airlie House,
Virginia, November 1997. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(12):3835-49.
Suzano SMC, Sequeira JL, Rocha NS, Pessoa AWP. Classificação citológica dos
linfomas caninos. Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci. 2010;47(1):47-54.
Thalheim L, Williams LE, Borst LB, Fogle JE, Suter SE. Lymphoma immunophenotype
of dogs determined by immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and polymerase chain
reaction for antigen receptor rearrangements. J Vet Intern Med. 2013;27(6):1509-16.
O'Mahony OH, Riley A. CD20-negative follicular lymphoma. Diagn Histophatol.
;18(10):457-60.
Marconato L, Gelain ME, Comazzi S. The dog as a possible animal model for human
non- Hodgkin lymphoma: a review. Hematol Oncol. 2013;31(1):1-9.
Olejniczak SH, Stewart CC, Donohue K, Czuczman MS. A quantitative exploration of
surface antigen expression in common B-cell malignancies using flow cytometry.
Immunol Invest. 2006;35(1):93-114.
Polson AG, Yu S, Elkins K, Zheng B, Clark S, Ingle GS, et al. Antibody-drug conjugates
targeted to CD79 for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2007;110(2):616-
Kano R, Inoiue C, Okano H, Yamazaki J, Takahashi T, Watari T, et al. Canine CD20
gene. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2005;108(3-4):265-8.
Torlakovic E, Slipicevic A, Robinson C, Decoteau JF, Alfsen GC, Vyberg M, et al. Pax-5
expression in nonhematopoietic tissues. Am J Clin Pathol. 2006;126(5):798-804.
Taylor RP, Lindorfer MA. Analyses of CD20 monoclonal antibody-mediated tumor cell
killing mechanisms: rational design of dosing strategies. Mol Pharmacol.
;86(5):485-91.
Mössner E, Brünker P, Moser S, Püntener U, Schmidt C, Herter S, et al. Increasing the
efficacy of CD20 antibody therapy through the engineering of a new type II anti-CD20
antibody with enhanced direct and immune effector cell–mediated B-cell cytotoxicity.
Blood. 2010;115(22):4393-402.
Franke A, Niederfellner GJ, Klein C, Burtscher H. Antibodies against CD20 or B-cell
receptor induce similar transcription patterns in human lymphoma cell lines. PLoS
One. 2011;18(2):e16596. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016596.
Kiupel M, Teske E, Bostock D. Prognostic factors for treated canine malignant
lymphoma. Vet Pathol. 1999;36(4):292-300.
Suzano SMC, Sequeira JL, Pessoa AWP, Porto CD, Oliveira DE. Proliferação celular nos
linfomas caninos. Braz J Vet Res Anim Sci. 2008;45(4):313-9.
Zacchetti A, Van Garderen E, Teske E, Nederbragt H, Dierendonck JH, Rutteman GR.
Validation of the use of proliferation markers in canine neoplastic and non-neoplastic
tissues: comparison of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression
versus in vivo bromodeoxyuridine labeling by immunohistochemistry. APMIS.
;111(3):430-8.
Phillips BB, Kass PH, Naydan DK, Winthrop MD, Griffey SM, Madewell BR. Apoptotic
and proliferation indexes in canine lymphoma. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2000;12(2):111-7.
Dukers DF, Oudejans JJ, Vos W, Berge RL, Meijer CJLM. Apoptosis in B-cell
lymphomas and reactive lymphoid tissues always involves activation of caspase-3 as
determined by a new in situ detection method. J Pathol. 2002;196(3):307-15.
Sokolowska J, Cywinska A, Malicka E. p53 expression in canine lymphoma. J Vet Med.
;52(4):172-5.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Este obra está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
