Linfoma canino: revisão de literatura com ênfase no linfoma difuso de grandes células b*
Revisão de literatura com ênfase no linfoma difuso de grandes células B
Palavras-chave:
linfoma, cão, DLBCL, imunofenotipagemResumo
Os linfomas não Hodgkin (LNHs) são as neoplasias hematopoiéticas mais comuns nos cães,
no entanto, sua etiologia não está bem estabelecida e há diversos fatores que devem contribuir
para seu desenvolvimento, como alterações no sistema imune, fatores ambientais e alterações
genéticas. A neoplasia pode ocorrer em qualquer idade, mas afeta, predominantemente,
animais de meia idade a idosos. Anatomicamente, os linfomas caninos podem ser
classificados em: multicêntrico, digestivo, tímico, cutâneo e solitário, com cinco estágios
clínicos e dois subestágios. Nos últimos anos, foram utilizadas diversas classificações
humanas, além de classificação proposta para os animais domésticos. A imunofenotipagem
dos linfomas está incorporada aos sistemas mais atuais de classificação, assim como a
determinação da expressão de marcadores biológicos de proliferação e apoptose. O Linfoma
Difuso de Grandes Células B (DLBCL) é o subtipo mais frequente, tanto no cão quanto em
humanos. Os DLBCLs são neoplasias formadas por células linfoides B caracterizadas por um
padrão de crescimento difuso e podem apresentar pelo menos cinco variantes que estão
relacionadas com padrões distintos de comportamento biológico, inclusive nos cães. No
entanto, rotineiramente, estes tumores são apenas classificados como DLBCLs sem considerar
suas particularidades morfológicas, seu perfil imunoistoquímico e seu índice proliferativo. Por
isso, a World Health Organization (WHO) propõe que, nos trabalhos de pesquisa, estas
variantes sejam investigadas detalhadamente com o intuito de identificar as diferenças que
possibilitem discriminar novas entidades.
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