Linfoma canino: revision de literatura con enfasis en linfoma difuso de celulas b grandes
Revision de literatura con enfasis en linfoma difuso de celulas B grandes
Palabras clave:
linfoma, perro, DLBCL, immunophenotypingResumen
Los linfomas no Hodgkin (LNH) son las neoplasias hematopoyéticas más comunes en los
perros, sin embargo, su etiología no está bien conocida. Existen varios factores que pueden
contribuir con su desarrollo, como cambios en el sistema inmunológico, factores ambientales
y alteraciones genéticas. El cáncer puede ocurrir en cualquier edad, pero se sabe que afecta
principalmente a animales de mediana edad y animales más viejos. Anatómicamente, el
linfoma canino se puede clasificar en multicéntrico, digestivo, tímico, cútaneo y solitario, con
cinco estadios clínicos y dos subestadios. En los últimos años se han utilizado diversas
clasificaciones en humano, y se han propuesto para los animales domésticos. El
inmunofenotipaje de los linfomas se ha incorporado a la mayoría de los sistemas actuales de
clasificación, igualmente, la determinación de marcadores biológicos de proliferación y
apoptosis. Los linfomas difuso de celulas B grandes (DLBCL) es el subtipo más común en
el perro y en el hombre. Los DLBCL son neoplasias que están formadas por células linfoides
B caracterizadas por un patrón de crecimiento difuso y pueden presentar por lo menos cinco
variantes que están relacionados con diferentes patrones de comportamiento biológico,
incluso en perros. Sin embargo, usualmente estos tumores se clasifican sólo como DLBCL sin
tener en cuenta sus características morfológicas, su perfil inmunohistoquímico y su índice de
proliferación. Por lo tanto, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) sugiere que en estos
estudios, estas variantes sean investigadas a profundidad con el fin de identificar las
diferencias que permiten identificar nuevas entidades.
Citas
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