Pythium insidiosum Y PITIOSIS
UNA REVISIÓN DE LA LITERATURA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2023.v30.1535Palabras clave:
oomiceto, zoosporas, cáncer de pantano, kunker.Resumen
Pythium insidiosum es el agente etiológico de la pitiosis. Este microorganismo es un oomiceto patógeno que causa enfermedad en varias especies animales, como caballos, perros, bovinos, ovinos, caprinos, felinos, aves y también humanos. Es una enfermedad caracterizada por lesiones en el tejido cutáneo/subcutáneo en forma de granulomas exudativos, siendo frecuente la formación de kunkers en los caballos. También puede causar lesiones gastrointestinales, vasculares y oculares y diseminarse a los órganos internos. Los métodos diagnósticos son, además de los signos clínicos y la historia del paciente, el cultivo e identificación del agente, las pruebas serológicas (inmunodifusión, ELISA, Western blot, hemaglutinación y prueba inmunocromatográfica), la histopatología, la inmunohistoquímica, las pruebas moleculares y, recientemente, el análisis proteómico, como el MALDI-TOF. El tratamiento se basa en la escisión quirúrgica de la lesión con márgenes libres de patógenos, y este tratamiento solo es posible en regiones sin compromiso de estructuras anatómicas importantes; uso de fármacos como la anfotericina B y el yoduro de potasio y la inmunoterapia como forma de modular la respuesta inmunitaria del huésped. No existe un factor predisponente para adquirir la enfermedad, siendo el principal riesgo permanecer en aguas estancadas con presencia de material vegetal. Así, la principal forma de infección es evitar, en lo posible, mantener a los animales dentro de estanques, ríos/arroyos o represas por períodos prolongados, así como usar equipo de protección personal en humanos cuando necesitan ingresar a dichos ambientes.
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