VIGILANCIA EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DE LA TOXOPLASMOSIS Y LA ENFERMEDAD DE CHAGAS EN PERSONAS QUE VIVEN CON EL VIH/SIDA (PVVS)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2023.v30.1558Palabras clave:
pacientes inmunodeprimidos, antropozoonosis, anticuerpos, factores de riesgoResumen
El interés en el estudio de las zoonosis, enfermedades comunes a humanos y animales y relacionadas con la salud única, ha aumentado notablemente en los últimos años, requiriendo una mayor integración, conocimiento y relación entre los profesionales de la salud. La toxoplasmosis y la enfermedad de Chagas (EC) son de gran importancia para la salud pública, especialmente para las personas que viven con el VIH/SIDA (PVVS), ya que la inmunosupresión puede agravar la enfermedad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de estas zoonosis en PVVS atendidas en el Servicio Ambulatorio Especializado de Infectología "Domingos Alves Meira" (SAEI-DAM), de la Facultad de Medicina de Botucatu, Unesp, y su asociación con factores de riesgo relacionados con ambos. Se investigaron anticuerpos contra Toxoplasma gondii y Trypanosoma cruzi en 236 muestras de suero de PVVS, 154 (65%) fueron positivas para T. gondii y 4 (1,69%) para T. cruzi. Veintiún pacientes (8,89%) tenían neurotoxoplasmosis y seis (2,54%) toxoplasmosis ocular. La alta seroprevalencia de toxoplasmosis puede ser consecuencia de la estrecha interacción con mascotas, especialmente gatos, entre otros factores, concluyendo que el riesgo de toxoplasmosis clínica es alto en la población estudiada debido a la posibilidad de reactivación en pacientes inmunocomprometidos, agravado por la falta de información sobre las formas de infección y el uso irregular de TAR encontrado en la investigación. En vista de los resultados, se cree que el acceso a la información, especialmente en aquellos de áreas rurales, es una medida de gran efectividad en la prevención de la exposición a la toxoplasmosis, ya que una mayor seropositividad se asoció con individuos con menores hábitos escolares y alimenticios asociados con el origen de los productos animales (carne y leche) y la ingesta de agua del grifo. Las campañas educativas que promueven el desarrollo de actitudes y estilos de vida pueden proporcionar una reducción de la morbilidad y la mortalidad en esta población en riesgo.
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