DISFUNCIONES RESPIRATORIAS FELINAS
CARACTERIZANDO E DIFERENCIANDO A ASMA E BRONQUITE FELINAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2024.v31.1571Palabras clave:
asma, bronquitis, enfermedad respiratoria, obstrucción, inflamación, gatosResumen
Las enfermedades respiratorias son consideradas enfermedades graves y potencialmente dañinas. Entre ellos, el asma y la bronquitis crónica se caracterizan por ser trastornos respiratorios que amenazan constantemente el bienestar de los gatos. Los pacientes presentan cambios en la estructura respiratoria, reversibles o no, debido al cuadro inflamatorio extenso, que obstruye el flujo de aire, permite la acumulación de moco y reduce la luz de las vías respiratorias. Los gatos afectados presentan tos, respiración ruidosa, disnea y, en muchos casos, adoptan una posición ortopneica. El diagnóstico se puede obtener mediante exámenes de rutina, uso de radiografías de tórax, recolección y análisis de líquidos broncoalveolares, entre otros. El manejo terapéutico se basa, combinado o no, en el uso de fármacos como broncodilatadores, corticoides, aerosoles y cambios ambientales con el objetivo de reducir la exposición a posibles agentes alergénicos responsables de incitar la afección respiratoria.
Citas
Bay JD, Johnson LR. Feline bronchial disease/asthma. In King LG.Textbook of respiratory disease in dogs and cats. Sant Louis: Saunders; 2004. p. 388-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7216-8706-3.50057-8
Kirschvink N, Leemans J, Delvaux F, Snaps F, Jaspart S, Evrard B, Delattre L, Cambier C, Clercx C, Gustin P. Inhaled fluticasone reduces bronchial responsiveness and airway inflammation in cats with mild chronic bronchitis. J Feline Med Surg. 2006;8(1):45-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2005.07.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2005.07.001
Cohn LA, DeClue AE, Cohen RL, Reinero CR. Effects of fluticasone propionate dosage in an experimental model of feline asthma. J Feline Med Surg. 2010;12(2):91-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2009.05.024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2009.05.024
Padrid P. Feline asthma: diagnosis and treatment. Vet Clin North Am Small Ani Pract. 2000;30(6):1279-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(00)06007-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-5616(00)06007-1
Junior AR, Cassiano FC. Doenças de traqueia e brônquios em gatos. In: Jericó MM, Andrade Neto JP, Kogika MM. Tratado de medicina interna de cães e gatos. 1ª ed. São Paulo: Roca; 2015. v. 2, p. 1280-1288.
Reinero CR, Lee-Fowler TM, Dodam JR, Cohn LA, Declue AE, Guntur VP. Endotracheal nebulization of N-acetylcysteine increases airway resistance in cats with experimental asthma. J Feline Med Surg. 2011;13(2):69-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2010.09.010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2010.09.010
Padrid P. Asthma. In: August JR. Consultations in Feline Internal Medicine. 6th ed. Saint Louis: Saunders; 2010, p. 447-458.
Moses BL, Spaulding GL. Chronic bronchial disease of the cat. Vet Clin North Am Small Animal Pract. 1985;15(5):929-948. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(85)50103-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-5616(85)50103-5
Corcoran B, Foster D, Luis Fuentes V. Feline asthma syndrome: a retrospective study of the clinical presentation in 29 cats. J Small Anim Pract. 1995;36(11):481-488, 1995. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1995.tb02787.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.1995.tb02787.x
Hirt AR. Felines Asthma bronchiale – Überblick und neue Erkenntnisse. Wien Tierarztl Monatsschr. 2003;90:110–123.
Venema C, Patterson C. Feline Asthma: What’s New and where might clinical practice be Heading? J Feline Med Surg. 2010;12(9):681-692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2010.07.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2010.07.012
Kerins AM, Breathnach R. The respiratory system. In: Chandler EA, Gaskell RM, Gaskell CJ, editors. Feline medicine & therapeutics. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004. p. 329-32.
Reche Junior A, Cassiano FC. Doenças de traqueia e brônquios em gatos. In: Jericó MM, Andrade Neto JP, Kogika MM. Tratado de Medicina Interna de Cães e Gatos. São Paulo: Roca, 2015. v.2. p. 1280-1288.
Grotheer M, Hirschberger J, Hartmann K, Castelletti N, Schulz B. Comparison of signalment, clinical, laboratory and radiographic parameters in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis. J Feline Med Surg. 2020;22(7):649-655. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612x19872428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X19872428
Swift S, Dukes-Mcewan J, Fonfara S, Loureiro JF, Burrow R. Aetiology and outcome in 90 cats presenting with dyspnea in a referral population. J Small Anim Pract. 2009;50(9):466-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00767.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2009.00767.x
Guyton AC, Hall JE. Tratado de Fisiologia Médica. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier Editora Ltda; 2011.
Nelson RE; Couto CG. Medicina interna de pequenos animais. Rio de Janeiro Elsevier; 2015.
Adamama-Moraitou KK, Patsikas MN, Koutinas AF. Feline lower airway disease: a retrospective study of 22 naturally occurring cases from Greece. J Feline Med Surg. 2004;6(4):227-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2003.09.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2003.09.004
Reinero CR, Declue AE, Rabinowitz P. Asthma in humans and cats: is there a common sensitivity to aeroallegens in shared environments? Environ Res. 2009;109(5):634–640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2009.02.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2009.02.001
Reinero CR. Advances in the understanding of pathogenesis, and diagnostics and therapeutics for feline allergic asthma. Vet J. 2011;190(1):28-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.09.022 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.09.022
Baral RM. Doenças do trato respiratório inferior. In: Little SE, editor. O Gato: Medicina Interna. Rio de Janeiro: Roca; 2016. p. 829-842.
Trzil JE. Feline Asthma: Diagnostic and Treatment Update. Vet Clin Am Small Anim Pract. 2020;50(2):375–391. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.10.002
D'Annunzio G, Gobbo F, Avallone G, Bacci B, Sabattini S, Sarli G. Airway remodeling in feline lungs. Top Companion Anim Med.2022;46:100587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100587 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100587
Vientós-Plotts AI, Ericsson AC, Rindt H, Grobman ME, Graham A, Bishop K, Cohn LA, Reinero CR. Dynamic changes of the respiratory microbiota and its relationship to fecal and blood microbiota in healthy young cats. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(3):e0173818. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173818 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173818
Norsworthy GD, editor. O paciente felino. São Paulo:Roca; 2009.
Trzil JE, Reinero CR. Update on feline asthma. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 2014;44(1):91-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2013.08.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2013.08.006
Wexler-Mitchell E. Bronchial disease, chronic. 5 th ed. In: Norsworthy GD. The feline patient. New Jersey: Wiley, 2018, cap 27.
Taniguchi Y, Kobayashi M. Exposure to dogs and cats and risk of asthma: A retrospective study. Plos One. 2023;18(3):e0282184. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282184 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282184
Dye JA, Mckiernan BC, Rozanski EA, Hoffmann WE, Losonsky JM, Homco LD, Weisiger RM, Kakoma I. Bronchopulmonary disease in the cat: historical, physical, radiographic, clinicopathologic, and pulmonary functional evaluation of 24 affected and 15 healthy cats. J Vet Internal Med. 1996;10(6):385-400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1996.tb02086.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.1996.tb02086.x
Foster SF, Allan GS, Martin P, Robertson ID, Malik R. Twenty-five cases of feline bronchial disease (1995–2000). J Feline Med Surg. 2004;6(3):181-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2003.12.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfms.2003.12.008
Moise NS, Wiedenkeller D, Yeager AE, Blue JT, Scarlett J. Clinical, radiographic, and bronchial cytologic features of cats with bronchial disease: 65 cases (1980-1986). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1989;194(10):1467-73.
Allerton FJW, Leemans J, Tual C, Bernaerts F, Kirschvink N, Clercx C. Correlation of bronchoalveolar eosinophilic percentage with airway responsiveness in cats with chronic bronchial disease. J Small Anim Pract. 2013;54:258–264. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.12070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jsap.12070
Morais HA. Doenças brônquicas em gatos: asma e bronquite crônica. In: Souza HJM, editor. Coletâneas em medicina e cirurgia felina. Rio de Janeiro: L.F.Livros de Veterinária LTDA: 2003, p. 147-153.
Henik RA, Yeager AE. Bronchopulmonary diseases. In: Sherding RG, editor. The Cat Diseases and Clinical Management. 1st ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1994, p. 979–1052.
Klein BG, editor. Tratado de Fisiologia Veterinária. 5th ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier Editora Ltda; 2014.
Charlson ES, Bittinger K, Chen J, Diamond JM, Li H, Collman RG, Bushman FD. Assessing Bacterial Populations in the Lung by Replicate Analysis of Samples from the Upper and Lower Respiratory Tracts. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(9):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042786 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0042786
Hilty M, Burke C, Pedro H, Cardenas P, Bush A, Bossley C, Davies J, Ervine A, Poulter L, Pachter L, Moffatt MF, Cookson WOC. Disordered microbial communities in asthmatic airways. PLoS One. 2010;5(1):e8578. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008578 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008578
Huang, YJ, Nariya S, Harris JM, Lynch SV, Choy DF, Arron JR, Boushey H. The airway microbiome in patients with severe asthma: Associations with disease features and severity. Journal of Allergy Clinical Immunology. 2015;136(4):874-884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.044 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.05.044
Dickson RP, Huffnagle GB. The Lung Microbiome: New Principles for Respiratory Bacteriology in Health and Disease. PLoS Pathogens. 2015;11(7):e1004923. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004923 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004923
Martin R, Miquel S, Langella P, Bermudez-Humaran LG. The role of metagenomics in understanding the human microbiome in health and disease. Virulence. 2014;5(3):413-423. https://doi.org/10.4161/viru.27864 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4161/viru.27864
Petersen C, Round JL. Defining dysbiosis and its influence on host immunity and disease. Cellular Microbiology. 2014;16(7):1024-1033. https://doi.org/10.1111/cmi.12308 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cmi.12308
Werner M, Weeger J, Hörner-Schmid L, Weber K, Palić J, Shih J, Suchodolski JS, Pilla R, Schulz B. Comparison of the respiratory bacterial microbiome in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis. Front Vet Sci. 2023;10:1148849. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1148849 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1148849
Vientós-Plotts AI, Ericsson AC, Reinero CR. The respiratory microbiota and its impact on health and disease in dogs and cats: A One Health perspective. J Vet Intern Med. 2023;37(5):1641-1655. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16824 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.16824
Vientós-Plotts AI, Ericsson AC, McAdams ZL, Rindt H, Reinero CR. Respiratory dysbiosis in cats with spontaneous allergic asthma. Front Vet Sci. 2022;9:930385. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.930385 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.930385
Johnson LR, Vernau W. Bronchoscopic findings in 48 cats with spontaneous lower respiratory tract disease (2002–2009). J Vet Inter Med. 2011;25(2):236-243. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00688.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00688.x
Byers CG, Nishi Dhupa B. Feline bronchial asthma: pathophysiology and diagnosis. Comp Cont Educ Pract Vet. 2005;27:418–425.
Rozanski E. Doença de vias respiratórias inferiores em felinos. In: Little SE, editor August Medicina Interna de Felinos. 7th ed. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2017, p. 447-451.
Tizard IR. Imunologia Veterinária. 9th ed. São Paulo:Guanabara Koogan; 2014.
Tizard IR. Imunologia Veterinária. 10th ed. São Paulo:Guanabara Koogan; 2017.
Garrity S, Lee-Fowler T, Reinero C. Feline asthma and heartworm disease: clinical features, diagnostics and therapeutics. J Feline Med Surg. 2019;21(9):825-834. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612x18823348 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X18823348
Reinero CN, Decile K, Berghaus R, Willians K, Leutenegger C, Walby W, Schelegle ES, Hyde DM, Gershwin LJ. An experimental model of allergic asthma in cats sensitized to housedust mite or Bermud agrass allergen. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2004;135(2):117-31. https://doi.org/10.1159/000080654 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000080654
Ettinger SJ. Diseases of trachea and upper airways. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. St. Louis: Saunders Elsevier; 2010. p. 1085-1086.
Decian A. Asma e bronquite Crônica em gatos domésticos [monografia de especialização. Porto Alegre (RS): Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul; 2019.
Johnson RL. Canine and Feline Respiratory Medicine. 2th ed. Hoboken: John Willey & Sons; 2020. Airway Diseases; p. 99-134.
Barchilon M, Reinero CR. Breathe easy: inhalational therapy for feline inflammatory airway disease. J Feline Med Surg. 2023;25(9):1098612X231193054. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612x231193054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X231193054
Padrid P. Asma. In: August JR. Medicina interna de felinos. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier; 2011, v.1, p. 449-460.
Bordini CGG, Zanutto MS. Crise asmática. In: Calixto R. Emergências em medicina felina. Curitiba: Medvet; 2018, v.1, p. 48-56.
Gareis H, Hörner-Schmid L, Zablotski Y, Palić J, Schulz B. Evaluation of barometric whole-body plethysmography for therapy monitoring in cats with feline lower airway disease. Plos One. 2022;17(10):e0276927. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276927 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276927
Łobaczewski A, Czopowicz M, Moroz A, Mickiewicz M, Kosiec-Tworus A, Frymus T, Szaluś-Jordanow O. Integrated basic lung and heart ultrasound with X-ray (TUSX) for the diagnosis of asthma, chronic bronchitis and laryngeal paralysis, and treatment with inhaled fluticasone using home-made mask in dogs and cats. Pol J Vet Sci. 2022;25(2):335-344-335-344. https://doi.org/10.24425/pjvs.2022.141819 DOI: https://doi.org/10.24425/pjvs.2022.141819
Dear JD, Johnson LR. Lower respiratory tract endoscopy in the cat: diagnostic approach to bronchial disease. J Feline Med Surg. 2013;15(11):1019-1027. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612x13508253 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X13508253
Schulz BS, Richter P, Weber K, Mueller RS, Wess G, Zenker I, Hartmann K. Detection of feline Mycoplasma species in cats with feline asthma and chronic bronchitis. J Feline Med Surg. 2014;16(12):943–949. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612x14524969 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X14524969
Riabova K, Karsonova AV, van Hage M, Käck U, Konradsen JR, Grönlund H, Fomina D, Beltyukov E, Glazkova PA, Semenov DY, Valenta R, Karaulov A, Curin M Molecular Allergen-Specific IgE Recognition Profiles and Cumulative Specific IgE Levels Associated with Phenotypes of Cat Allergy. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(13):6984. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23136984 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23136984
Moriello KA, Stepien RL, Henik RA, Wenholz LJ. Pilot study: Prevalence of positive aeroallergen reactions in 10 cats with small-airway disease without concurrent skin disease. Vet Dermatol. 2007;18(2): 94–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2007.00573.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2007.00573.x
Viana FAB. Guia Terapêutico Veterinário. 4th ed. Lagoa Santa: Gráfica e Editora CEM Ltda; 2019.
Suh S, Park MK. Glucocorticoid-Induced Diabetes Mellitus: An Important but Overlooked Problem. Endocrinol Metab. 2017;32(2):180-189, Mar. 2017. https://doi.org/10.3803/enm.2017.32.2.180 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2017.32.2.180
Paulin MV, Caney SMA, Cosford KL. Online survey to determine client perceptions of feline chronic lower airway disease management: Response to therapy, side effects and challenges encountered. J Feline Med Surg. 2022; 24(12):1219-1227. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612x211070988 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X211070988
Padrid PA, Cozzi P, Leff AR. Cyclosporine A inhibits airway reactivity and remodeling after chronic antigen challenge in cats. Am j Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;154(6):1812-1818. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.154.6.8970375 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.154.6.8970375
Plumb DC. Plumb´s Veterinary Drug Handbook. 5th ed. Ames: Blackwell Publishing; 2005.
Klenk FK, Desimoi V, Wolf G, Schulz BS. Evaluation of different cleaning methods for feline inhalation chambers after bacterial contamination. J Feline Med Surg. 2021;23(2):181-184. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612x20913352 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1098612X20913352
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Este obra está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
