Hipertensão arterial sistêmica e as diretrizes para identificação, avaliação, controle e manejo hipertensivo em cães e gatos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2023.v30.1542Palavras-chave:
aferição pressórica, doenças secundárias, hipertensão, manejo hipertensivoResumo
Doenças cardiovasculares representam condições clínicas que estão relacionadas com qualidade de vida e bem-estar, e a preocupação com tais doenças torna-se tarefa necessária, de modo a retardar o aparecimento, controlar a sintomatologia e/ou evitar a progressão. Diversas doenças de natureza cardiovascular são capazes de promover alterações clínicas variáveis, regionais e/ou sistêmicas, a depender da gravidade e progressão. Dentre essas doenças, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica merece destaque devido à possibilidade de repercussão hemodinâmica, de forma a interferir de modo deletério na qualidade de vida do paciente. A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é caracterizada pelo incremento nos valores pressóricos de forma persistente em comparação com o intervalo de referência para a espécie, com possibilidade de repercussão orgânica. A HAS pode ser ainda classificada em três tipos, em hipertensão situacional, HAS primária e secundária, sendo o primeiro apenas momentâneo e principalmente estresse mediado. Os sinais clínicos associados à hipertensão sistêmica são derivados principalmente de condições de base. O diagnóstico é baseado na mensuração consecutiva dos valores de pressão por meio de manguitos específicos e em concordância com a circunferência do membro a ser avaliado. Ressalta-se que falsos diagnósticos de HAS prejudicam a percepção da condição e a busca de estratégias de tratamento efetivas. O tratamento de HAS baseia-se na redução dos valores de pressão, no controle de possíveis sinais associados, bem como no decréscimo no impacto em órgãos e sistemas. O presente artigo tem por objetivo descrever e caracterizar a hipertensão arterial sistêmica e as condutas para identificação, avaliação, controle e manejo terapêutico para cães e gatos.
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