RITMOS ENDÓCRINOS E COMPORTAMENTAIS DIÁRIOS EM MAMÍFEROS E AVES SELVAGENS
Keywords:
photoperiod, melatonin, glucocorticoidsAbstract
O ciclo noite-dia, temperatura, umidade do ar, presença de predadores e disponibilidade de alimentos obriga que os seres vivos a possuir ritmos diários para acompanhar essas mudanças ambientais. Além desses fatores ambientais, o relógio biológico também é regulado por hormônios como a melatonina e os glicocorticoides, estes, influenciados pelo fotoperíodo. Os fatores ambientais e endócrinos ajudam a modelar o comportamento. A secreção de melatonina é estimulada pela ausência de luz, é o principal hormônio responsável pelo sono. Os glicocorticoides são secretados no começo da fase ativa a fim de disponibilizar energia, aumentando a glicemia, para o início das atividades diárias. Fatores sazonais podem alterar o padrão de excreção desses hormônios, a fim de alterar a atividade comportamental. O objetivo dessa revisão foi apresentar os principais componentes endócrinos, que controlam ou participam do controle dos ritmos diários e como estes influenciam o comportamento dos animais.
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