RITMOS ENDOCRINAS Y COMPORTAMIENTO DIARIOS EN AVES Y MAMÍFEROS SILVESTRES
Palabras clave:
fotoperiodo, melatonina, glucocorticoidesResumen
O ciclo noite-dia, temperatura, umidade do ar, presença de predadores e disponibilidade de alimentos obriga que os seres vivos a possuir ritmos diários para acompanhar essas mudanças ambientais. Além desses fatores ambientais, o relógio biológico também é regulado por hormônios como a melatonina e os glicocorticoides, estes, influenciados pelo fotoperíodo. Os fatores ambientais e endócrinos ajudam a modelar o comportamento. A secreção de melatonina é estimulada pela ausência de luz, é o principal hormônio responsável pelo sono. Os glicocorticoides são secretados no começo da fase ativa a fim de disponibilizar energia, aumentando a glicemia, para o início das atividades diárias. Fatores sazonais podem alterar o padrão de excreção desses hormônios, a fim de alterar a atividade comportamental. O objetivo dessa revisão foi apresentar os principais componentes endócrinos, que controlam ou participam do controle dos ritmos diários e como estes influenciam o comportamento dos animais.
Citas
Flores DEFL. Investigando a sincronização fótica na natureza. Rev Biol. 2012; 9: 7–12.
Hastings MH, Herzog ED. Clock genes, oscillators, and cellular networks in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. J Biol Rhythm. 2004;19(5):400-13.
Sharp DC. Melatonin. In: McKinnon AO, Squires EL, Vaala WE, Varner DD. Equine Reproduction, 2nd Ed. Willey-Blackwell, 2011. p.1969-1978.
Barclay JL, Tsang AH, Oster H. Interaction of central and peripheral clocks in physiological regulation. In: Kalsbeek A, Merrow M, Roenneberg T, Foster RG. Progress in Brain Research, Elsevier, Netherland, 2012. 199:163-181.
Aschoff J. Exogenous and endogenous components in circadian rhythms. Cold Spring Harb Sym. 1960; 25:11-28.
Enright JT. Ecological aspects of endogenous rhythmicity. Annu Rev Ecol Syst. 1970; 1:221-238.
Ota T, Fustin JM, Yamada H, Doi M, Okamura H. Circadian clock signals in the adrenal cortex. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012; 349:30–37.
Lin AN, Paget SA Principles of Corticosteroid Therapy. Hodder Arnold Publication, New York; 2002. p. 330.
Funder JW. Aldosterone and mineralocorticoid receptors: past, present, and future. Endocrinology. 2010; 151:5098–5102.
Fawcett DW. Bloom and Fawcett a Textbook of Histology, 12th ed. Chapman and Hall, New York; 1994. p. 988.
Kamperis K, Hagstroem S, Radvanska E, Rittig S, Djurhuus JC. Excess diuresis and natriuresis during acute sleep deprivation in healthy adults. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2010; 299:404–411.
Balsalobre A, Brown SA, Marcacci L, Tronche F, Kellendonk C, Reichardt HM, Schutz G, Schibler U. Resetting of circadian time in peripheral tissues by glucocorticoid signaling. Science. 2000; 289:2344–2347.
Lee C, Etchegaray JP, Cagampang FRA, Loudon ASI. Posttranslational mechanisms regulate the mammalian circadian clock. Cell. 2001; 107(7):855–867.
Hardin P E. Transcription regulation within the circa- dian clock: The E-box and beyond. J Biol Rhythm. 2004; 19(5):348–360.
Zhang EE, Kay SA. Clocks not winding down: Unravelling circadian networks. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol; 2010. 11(11):764–776.
Green CB, Takahashi JS, Bass J. The meter of metabolism. Cell. 2008; 134:728–742.
Okamura H, Doi M, Fustin JM, Yamaguchi Y, Matsuo M. Mammalian circadian clock system: molecular mechanisms for pharmaceutical and medical sciences. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2010; 62:876–884.
Schibler U, Sassone-Corsi P. A web of circadian pacemakers. Cell. 2002; 111:919–922.
Yamaguchi S, Isejima H, Matsuo T, Okura R, Yagita K, Kobayashi M, Okamura H. Synchronization of cellular clocks in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Science. 2003; 302:1408-1412.
Henley DE, Leendertz JA, Russell GM, Wood SA, Taheri S, Woltersdorf WW, Lightman SL. Development of an automated blood sampling system for use in humans. J Med Eng Technol. 2009; 33:199–208.
Moore RY, Eichler VB. Loss of a circadian adrenal corticosterone rhythm following suprachiasmatic lesions in the rat. Brain Res. 1972; 42:201–206.
Carsia RV, Harvey S. Adrenals. In: Whittow GC. (ed): Sturkie's Avian Physiology, (ed. 5). San Diego, CA, Academic Press; 2000. p.489-537.
Romero LM. Seasonal changes in plasma glucocorticoid concentrations in free-living vertebrates. Gen Comp Endocr. 2002; 128:1–24.
Boonstra R. Coping with changing northern environments: the role of the stress axis in birds and mammals. Integr Comp Biol. 2004; 44:95–108.
Romero LM. Physiological stress in ecology: lessons from biomedical research. Trends Ecol Evol. 2004; 19:249–255.
Ottenweller JE, Meier AH, Ferrell BR, Horseman ND, Proctor A. Extrapituitary regulation of the circadian rhythm of plasma corticosteroid concentration in rats. Endocrinology. 1978; 103:1875–1979.
Ottenweller JE, Meier AH. Adrenal innervation may be an extrapituitary mechanism able to regulate adrenocortical rhythmicity in rats. Endocrinology. 1982; 111:1334–1338.
Edwards AV, Jones CT. The effect of splanchnic nerve stimulation on adrenocortical activity conscious calves. J Physiol. 1987; 382:385–396.
Edwards AV, Jones CT. Autonomic control of adrenal function. J. Anat. 1993;183: 291–307.
Wright Jr KP, Czeisler CA. Absence of circadian phase resetting in response to bright light behind the knees. Science. 2002; p.297-571.
Shigeyoshi Y, Taguchi K, Yamamoto S, Takekida S, Yan L, Tei H, Moriya T, Shibata S, Loros JJ, Dunlap JC, Okamura H. Light-induced resetting of a mammalian circadian clock is associated with rapid induction of the mPer1 transcript. Cell. 1997; 91:1043–1053.
Ishida A, Mutoh T, Ueyama T, Bando H, Masubuchi S, Nakahara D, Tsujimoto G, Okamura H. Light activates the adrenal gland: timing of gene expression and glucocorticoid release. Cell Metab. 2005; 2:297–307.
Buijs RM, Wortel J, Van Heerikhuize JJ, Feenstra MG, Ter Horst GJ, Romijn HJ, Kalsbeek A. Anatomical and functional demonstration of a multisynaptic suprachiasmatic nucleus adrenal (cortex) pathway. Eur J Neurosci. 1999; 11:1535–1544.
Klein DC, Moore RY, Reppert SM. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: The Mind’s Clock. Oxford University Press, New York; 1991.
Gwinner E, Schwabl-Benzinger I, Schwabl H, Dittami J. Twenty-four-hour melatonin profiles in a nocturnally migrating bird during and between migratory seasons. Gen Comp Endocr. 1993; 90:119-124.
Fernandes RMF. O Sono Normal, na cidade de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil, 2006. In: Simpósio: Distúrbios Respiratórios do Sono; 2006. 39:157-168.
Martinez D, Lenz MCS, Menna-Barreto L. Diagnóstico dos transtornos do sono relacionados ao ritmo circadiano. J Bras Pneumologia. 2008; 34(3):173-180.
Lundberg U. Stress hormones in health and illness: The roles of work and gender. Psychoneuroendocrino. 2005; 30:1017–21.
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Este obra está licenciado com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
