EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DOGS WITH EHRLICHIA SP AND ANAPLASMA SP IN JATAÍ-GO.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35172/rvz.2021.v28.526Keywords:
Ehrlichiosis, morulae, tick.Abstract
In Brazil, infections by hemoparasites represent one of the main causes of seeking veterinary assistance in dogs. Infections with bacteria of the order Rickettsiales that include Ehrlichia sp. and Anaplasma sp. has a great participation in these assistances. The objective of this study was to elucidate regional epidemiologic and hematologic aspects of infections by Anaplasma sp. and Ehrlichia sp., often asymptomatic, in dogs in the municipality of Jataí-GO. The data in this study were based on blood samples from dogs treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Jataí, in Jataí, Goiás, between the years 2005 and 2017. Microscopic observation of the presence of Ehrlichia sp. and Anaplasma sp. was used as a positivity criterion. 5,015 animals were treated during this period and 691 (13.78%) of them were positive for the presence of these hemoparasites. Among these animals, 9.23% (463/5015) had morulae from Ehrlichia sp., and 4.37% (219/5015) had morulae typical of Anaplasma sp., while 0.18% (9/5015) had morulae of both species. Females represented 57.89% (400/691) of positive animals and males 42.11% (291/691). 35.02% (242/691) of the animals were less than one year old, 54.13% (374/691) were between 1 and 8 years old, and 10.85% (75/691) were over 8 years old . Females, less than one year old and co-infected, showed the most significant changes in hematological, hematocrit (29%), red blood cell count (3 million / mm3), platelet count (40,000 / mm3) and total blood count leukocytes (16,000 thousand / mm3), showing anemia and thrombocytopenia. Animals infected with Anaplasma sp. and Ehrlichia sp., at the same time, presented more intense thrombocytopenia, evidenced in males between 1 and 8 years old (30,000 / mm3). Infections by Anaplasma sp. caused a severe decrease in the mean red blood cell count, evidenced in males (3 million / mm3) and females under 1 year (3.79 million / mm3).
References
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20. Fonseca JP, Bruhn FRP, Ribeiro MJM, Hirsch C, Rocha CMBM, Guedes E, et al. Hematological parameters and seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis and Babesia vogeli in dogs. Ciênc Anim Bras. 2017; 18.
21. Silva GCFD, Benitez ADN, Girotto A, Taroda A, Vidotto MC, Garcia JL. Occurrence of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys in household dogs from northern Parana. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2012; 21(4): 379-385.
22. Paulino PG, Pires MS, da Silva CB, Peckle M, da Costa RL, Vitari GV, et al. Epidemiology of Ehrlichia canis in healthy dogs from the Southeastern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Prevent Vet Med. 2018; 159: 135-142.
23. Oliveira TMF, Furuta PI, Carvalho DD, Machado RZ. Study of cross-reactivity in serum samples from dogs positive for Leishmania sp., Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fluorescent antibody test. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2008; 17(1): 7-11.
24. Elitok B, Ungur B. Prevalence of Ehrlichia Canis Infection in Uşak and Investigation of Clinical, Hematological and Biochemical Signs in Infected Dogs. Int Biol Biomed. 2016; 2(4): 134-139.
25. Tuna, GE, Bakirci S, Dinler C, Karagenç T, Ulutaş B. Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in Aegean Region dogs: Clinical and Haematological findings. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019; 14(1): 8-14.
26. Ojeda-Chi MM, Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Esteve-Gasent MD, de León AAP, Modarelli JJ, Villegas-Perez SL. (2019). Ehrlichia canis in dogs of Mexico: Prevalence, incidence, co–infection and factors associated. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019; 67: 101351.
27. Pesapane R, Foley J, Thomas R, Castro LR. Molecular detection and characterization of Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in dogs from northern Colombia. Vet Microbiol. 2019; 233: 184-189.
28. Pérez-Macchi S, Pedrozo R, Bittencourt P, Müller A. Prevalence, molecular characterization and risk factor analysis of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys in domestic dogs from Paraguay. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019; 62: 31-39.
29. M’ghirbi Y, Ghorbel A, Amouri M, Nebaoui A, Haddad S, Bouattour A. (2009). Clinical, serological, and molecular evidence of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in dogs in Tunisia. Parasitol Res. 2019; 104(4): 767-774.
30. Lauzi S, Maia JP, Epis S, Marcos R, Pereira C, Luzzago C, et al. Molecular detection of Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis and Rickettsia monacensis in dogs from Maio Island of Cape Verde archipelago. Ticks Tick-borne Dis. 2016; 7(5): 964-969.
31. Badillo-Viloria M, Díaz-Pérez A, Orozco-Sánchez C, de Lavalle-Galvis R. Infection by Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma sp. in dogs attended in veterinary clinics, Barranquilla, Colombia. Revista MVZ Córdoba. 2017; 22.
32. Rojas A, Rojas D, Montenegro V, Gutiérrez R, Yasur-Landau D, Baneth G. Vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Costa Rica: first molecular description of Babesia vogeli and Hepatozoon canis infections with a high prevalence of monocytic ehrlichiosis and the manifestations of co-infection. Vet Parasitol. 2014; 199(3-4): 121-128.
33. Bouzouraa T, René-Martellet M, Chêne J, Attipa C, Lebert I, Chalvet-Monfray K, et al. Clinical and laboratory features of canine Anaplasma platys infection in 32 naturally infected dogs in the Mediterranean basin. Ticks Tick-borne Dis. 2016; 7(6): 1256-1264.
34. Baneth G, Harrus S, Gal A, Aroch I. Canine vector-borne co-infections: Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis in the same host monocytes. Vet Parasitol. 2015; 208(1-2): 30-34.
35. Yabsley MJ, McKibben J, Macpherson CN, Cattan PF, Cherry NA, Hegarty BC, et al. Prevalence of Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Babesia canis vogeli, Hepatozoon canis, Bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii, and Rickettsia spp. in dogs from Grenada. Vet Parasitol. 2008; 151(2-4): 279-285.
36. Harrus S, Waner T, Neer TM. Ehrlichia canis infection. Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2012.
37. Mylonakis ME, Koutinas AF, Breitschwerdt EB, Hegarty BC, Billinis CD, Leontides LS, et al. Chronic canine ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis): a retrospective study of 19 natural cases. J Am Anim Hos Assoc. 2004; 40(3): 174-184.
38. Moreira, S. M. Estudo retrospectivo (1998-2001) da erliquiose canina em Belo Horizonte: avaliação clínica e laboratorial de infecções experimentais; 2001.
39. Bouza-Mora L, Dolz G, Solórzano-Morales A, Romero-Zuñiga JJ, Salazar-Sánchez L, Labruna MB, et al. Novel genotype of Ehrlichia canis detected in samples of human blood bank donors in Costa Rica. Ticks Tick-borne Dis. 2017; 8(1): 36-40.
40. Ueno TE, Aguiar DM, Pacheco RC, Richtzenhain LJ, Ribeiro MG, Paes AC, et al. Ehrlichia canis em cães atendidos em hospital veterinário de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2009; 57-61.
41. Gianopoulos A, Mylonakis ME, Theodorou K, Christopher MM. Quantitative and qualitative leukocyte abnormalities in dogs with experimental and naturally occurring acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Vet Clin Pathol. 2016; 45(2): 281-290.
42. Harrus S, Waner T. Diagnosis of canine monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis): an overview. Vet J. 2011; 187(3): 292-296.
43. Escribano D, Cihan H, Martínez-Subiela S, Levent P, Kocaturk M, Aytug N, et al. Changes in serum proteins in dogs with Ehrlichia canis infection. Microb Pathog. 2017; 113: 34-39.
2. Mylonakis ME, Konstantina NT. Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis: An update on diagnosis and treatment. Acta Vet. 2017;67(3): 299-317.
3. Dahmani M, Loudahi A, Mediannikov O, Fenollar F, Raoult, D, Davoust, B. Molecular detection of Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in dogs from Kabylie, Algeria. Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. 2015; 6(2): 198-203.
4. Cetinkaya H, Matur E, Akyazi I, Ekiz EE, Aydin L, Toparlak M. Serological and molecular investigation of Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. in ticks and blood of dogs, in the Thrace Region of Turkey. Ticks Tick-Borne Dis. 2016; 7(5): 706-714.
5. Cardoso L, Tuna J, Vieira L, Yisaschar-Mekuzas Y, Baneth G. Molecular detection of Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in dogs from the North of Portugal. Vet J. 2010; 183(2): 232-233.
6. Sainz Á, Roura X, Miró G, Estrada-Peña A, Kohn B, Harrus S, Solano-Gallego L. Guideline for veterinary practitioners on canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in Europe. Parasites Vectors. 2015; 8(1): 75.
7. Aguiar DM, Rodrigues FP, Ribeiro MG, Dos Santos B, Muraro LS, Taques IIGG, et al. Uncommon Ehrlichia canis infection associated with morulae in neutrophils from naturally infected dogs in Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2012; 67:135-141.
8. Geromichalou A, Faixová Z. Haematopathological changes in dogs affected with Ehrlichia canis in Lesvos. Folia Vet. 2017; 61(2): 44-49.
9. Almazán C, Gonzalez-Alvarez VH, de Mera IGF, Cabezas-Cruz A, Rodríguez-Martínez R, de la Fuente J. Molecular identification and characterization of Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in dogs in Mexico. Ticks Tick-borne Dis. 2016; 7(2): 276-283.
10. Bowman D, Little SE, Lorentzen L, Shields J, Sullivan MP, Carlin EP. Prevalence and geographic distribution of Dirofilaria immitis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs in the United States: results of a national clinic-based serologic survey. Vet Parasitol. 2009;160(1-2): 138-148.
11. Emiroğlu M, Çelebi B. First report of human ehrlichiosis in Turkey. Turk J Pediatr. 2019; 61(2): 267-270.
12. Neer TM, Breitschwerdt EB, Greene RT, Lappin MR. Consensus statement on ehrlichial disease of small animals from the infectious disease study group of the ACVIM. J Vet Intern Med. 2002; 16(3): 309-315.
13. Gaunt SD, Beall MJ, Stillman BA, Lorentzen L, Diniz PPVP, Chandrashekar R, et al. Experimental infection and co-infection of dogs with Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis: hematologic, serologic and molecular findings. Parasites Vectors. 2010; 3(1): 33.
14. Nakaghi ACH, Machado RZ, Costa MT, André MR, Baldani CD. Canine ehrlichiosis: clinical, hematological, serological and molecular aspects. Ciênc Rural. 2008; 38(3): 766-770.
15. Vieira RFDC, Biondo AW, Guimarães AMS, Santos APD, Santos RPD, Dutra LH, et al. Ehrlichiosis in brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2011; 20(1): 01-12.
16. Bulla C, Takahira RK, Araújo JP, Trinca LA, Lopes RS, Wiedmeyer CE. The relationship between the degree of thrombocytopenia and infection with Ehrlichia canis in an endemic area. Vet Res. 2004; 35(1): 141-146.
17. Costa APD, Costa FB, Labruna MB, Silveira I, Moraes-Filho J, Soares, et al. A serological and molecular survey of Babesia vogeli, Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia spp. among dogs in the state of Maranhão, northeastern Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2015; 24(1): 28-35.
18. Costa JS, Melo ALT, Witter R, Pacheco TA, Chitarra CS, Carvalho ITS, et al. Molecular detection of Ehrlichia canis in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (sl) ticks in dogs and their domestic environment in Cuiaba, MT, Brazil. Braz J Vet Res An Sci. 2019; 56(2): e153661-e153661.
19. Borin S, Crivelenti LZ, Ferreira FA. Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e hematológicos de 251 cães portadores de mórula de Ehrlichia spp. naturalmente infectados. Arq Bras Med Vet Zootec. 2009; 61(3): 566-571.
20. Fonseca JP, Bruhn FRP, Ribeiro MJM, Hirsch C, Rocha CMBM, Guedes E, et al. Hematological parameters and seroprevalence of Ehrlichia canis and Babesia vogeli in dogs. Ciênc Anim Bras. 2017; 18.
21. Silva GCFD, Benitez ADN, Girotto A, Taroda A, Vidotto MC, Garcia JL. Occurrence of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys in household dogs from northern Parana. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2012; 21(4): 379-385.
22. Paulino PG, Pires MS, da Silva CB, Peckle M, da Costa RL, Vitari GV, et al. Epidemiology of Ehrlichia canis in healthy dogs from the Southeastern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Prevent Vet Med. 2018; 159: 135-142.
23. Oliveira TMF, Furuta PI, Carvalho DD, Machado RZ. Study of cross-reactivity in serum samples from dogs positive for Leishmania sp., Babesia canis and Ehrlichia canis in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect fluorescent antibody test. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2008; 17(1): 7-11.
24. Elitok B, Ungur B. Prevalence of Ehrlichia Canis Infection in Uşak and Investigation of Clinical, Hematological and Biochemical Signs in Infected Dogs. Int Biol Biomed. 2016; 2(4): 134-139.
25. Tuna, GE, Bakirci S, Dinler C, Karagenç T, Ulutaş B. Monocytic Ehrlichiosis in Aegean Region dogs: Clinical and Haematological findings. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019; 14(1): 8-14.
26. Ojeda-Chi MM, Rodriguez-Vivas RI, Esteve-Gasent MD, de León AAP, Modarelli JJ, Villegas-Perez SL. (2019). Ehrlichia canis in dogs of Mexico: Prevalence, incidence, co–infection and factors associated. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019; 67: 101351.
27. Pesapane R, Foley J, Thomas R, Castro LR. Molecular detection and characterization of Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis in dogs from northern Colombia. Vet Microbiol. 2019; 233: 184-189.
28. Pérez-Macchi S, Pedrozo R, Bittencourt P, Müller A. Prevalence, molecular characterization and risk factor analysis of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys in domestic dogs from Paraguay. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019; 62: 31-39.
29. M’ghirbi Y, Ghorbel A, Amouri M, Nebaoui A, Haddad S, Bouattour A. (2009). Clinical, serological, and molecular evidence of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in dogs in Tunisia. Parasitol Res. 2019; 104(4): 767-774.
30. Lauzi S, Maia JP, Epis S, Marcos R, Pereira C, Luzzago C, et al. Molecular detection of Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis and Rickettsia monacensis in dogs from Maio Island of Cape Verde archipelago. Ticks Tick-borne Dis. 2016; 7(5): 964-969.
31. Badillo-Viloria M, Díaz-Pérez A, Orozco-Sánchez C, de Lavalle-Galvis R. Infection by Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma sp. in dogs attended in veterinary clinics, Barranquilla, Colombia. Revista MVZ Córdoba. 2017; 22.
32. Rojas A, Rojas D, Montenegro V, Gutiérrez R, Yasur-Landau D, Baneth G. Vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Costa Rica: first molecular description of Babesia vogeli and Hepatozoon canis infections with a high prevalence of monocytic ehrlichiosis and the manifestations of co-infection. Vet Parasitol. 2014; 199(3-4): 121-128.
33. Bouzouraa T, René-Martellet M, Chêne J, Attipa C, Lebert I, Chalvet-Monfray K, et al. Clinical and laboratory features of canine Anaplasma platys infection in 32 naturally infected dogs in the Mediterranean basin. Ticks Tick-borne Dis. 2016; 7(6): 1256-1264.
34. Baneth G, Harrus S, Gal A, Aroch I. Canine vector-borne co-infections: Ehrlichia canis and Hepatozoon canis in the same host monocytes. Vet Parasitol. 2015; 208(1-2): 30-34.
35. Yabsley MJ, McKibben J, Macpherson CN, Cattan PF, Cherry NA, Hegarty BC, et al. Prevalence of Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma platys, Babesia canis vogeli, Hepatozoon canis, Bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii, and Rickettsia spp. in dogs from Grenada. Vet Parasitol. 2008; 151(2-4): 279-285.
36. Harrus S, Waner T, Neer TM. Ehrlichia canis infection. Infectious diseases of the dog and cat. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2012.
37. Mylonakis ME, Koutinas AF, Breitschwerdt EB, Hegarty BC, Billinis CD, Leontides LS, et al. Chronic canine ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis): a retrospective study of 19 natural cases. J Am Anim Hos Assoc. 2004; 40(3): 174-184.
38. Moreira, S. M. Estudo retrospectivo (1998-2001) da erliquiose canina em Belo Horizonte: avaliação clínica e laboratorial de infecções experimentais; 2001.
39. Bouza-Mora L, Dolz G, Solórzano-Morales A, Romero-Zuñiga JJ, Salazar-Sánchez L, Labruna MB, et al. Novel genotype of Ehrlichia canis detected in samples of human blood bank donors in Costa Rica. Ticks Tick-borne Dis. 2017; 8(1): 36-40.
40. Ueno TE, Aguiar DM, Pacheco RC, Richtzenhain LJ, Ribeiro MG, Paes AC, et al. Ehrlichia canis em cães atendidos em hospital veterinário de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet. 2009; 57-61.
41. Gianopoulos A, Mylonakis ME, Theodorou K, Christopher MM. Quantitative and qualitative leukocyte abnormalities in dogs with experimental and naturally occurring acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Vet Clin Pathol. 2016; 45(2): 281-290.
42. Harrus S, Waner T. Diagnosis of canine monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis): an overview. Vet J. 2011; 187(3): 292-296.
43. Escribano D, Cihan H, Martínez-Subiela S, Levent P, Kocaturk M, Aytug N, et al. Changes in serum proteins in dogs with Ehrlichia canis infection. Microb Pathog. 2017; 113: 34-39.
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2021-03-15
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Stella AE, Lúcia Dias da Silva V, Nunes Moreira C, Aniceto Rezende Júnior S, Almeida Lima D, Seigert Schimmunech M. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DOGS WITH EHRLICHIA SP AND ANAPLASMA SP IN JATAÍ-GO. RVZ [Internet]. 2021 Mar. 15 [cited 2024 Dec. 17];28:1-11. Available from: https://rvz.emnuvens.com.br/rvz/article/view/526
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